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Effects of elevated CO2 concentration on growth and water use efficiency of winter wheat under two soil water regimes

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  • Qiao, Yunzhou
  • Zhang, Huizhen
  • Dong, Baodi
  • Shi, Changhai
  • Li, Yuxin
  • Zhai, Hongmei
  • Liu, Mengyu

Abstract

Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Kenong9204) was grown in open top chambers with either ambient or elevated CO2 concentrations (358 ± 19 [mu]mol mol-1 or 712 ± 22 [mu]mol mol-1, respectively) in well-watered or drought conditions. Although elevated CO2 did not significantly affect the height of the plants at harvest, it significantly increased the aboveground biomass by 10.1% and the root/shoot ratio by 16.0%. Elevated CO2 also significantly increased the grain yield (GY) by 6.7% when well-watered and by 10.4% when drought stressed. Specifically, in the well-watered condition, this increase was due to a greater number of ears (8.7% more) and kernels (8.6). In the drought condition, it was only due to a greater number of spikes (17.1% more). In addition, elevated CO2 also significantly increased the water use efficiency (WUE) of the plants by 9.9% when well-watered and by 13.8% under drought conditions, even though the evapotranspiration (ET) of the plants did not change significantly. Elevated CO2 also significantly increased the root length in the top half of the soil profile by 35.4% when well-watered and by 44.7% under drought conditions. Finally, elevated CO2 significantly increased the root water uptake by 52.9% when well-watered and by 10.1% under drought conditions. These results suggest that (1) future increases in atmospheric CO2 concentration may have a significant effect on wheat production in arid and semiarid areas where wheat cultivation requires upland cropping or deficit irrigation; (2) wheat cultivars can be developed to have more tillers and kernels through selective breeding and field management; and (3) fertilizer and water management in topsoil will become increasingly important as atmospheric CO2 concentration rises.

Suggested Citation

  • Qiao, Yunzhou & Zhang, Huizhen & Dong, Baodi & Shi, Changhai & Li, Yuxin & Zhai, Hongmei & Liu, Mengyu, 2010. "Effects of elevated CO2 concentration on growth and water use efficiency of winter wheat under two soil water regimes," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 97(11), pages 1742-1748, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:agiwat:v:97:y:2010:i:11:p:1742-1748
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Li, Fusheng & Kang, Shaozhong & Zhang, Jianhua, 2004. "Interactive effects of elevated CO2, nitrogen and drought on leaf area, stomatal conductance, and evapotranspiration of wheat," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 67(3), pages 221-233, July.
    2. Kimball, B. A. & Idso, S. B., 1983. "Increasing atmospheric CO2: effects on crop yield, water use and climate," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 7(1-3), pages 55-72, September.
    3. Sun, Hong-Yong & Liu, Chang-Ming & Zhang, Xi-Ying & Shen, Yan-Jun & Zhang, Yong-Qiang, 2006. "Effects of irrigation on water balance, yield and WUE of winter wheat in the North China Plain," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 85(1-2), pages 211-218, September.
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    1. Wang, Jianqing & Liu, Xiaoyu & Cheng, Kun & Zhang, Xuhui & Li, Lianqing & Pan, Genxing, 2018. "Winter wheat water requirement and utilization efficiency under simulated climate change conditions: A Penman-Monteith model evaluation," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 197(C), pages 100-109.
    2. Zhang, Dongsheng & Li, Ali & Lam, Shu Kee & Li, Ping & Zong, Yuzheng & Gao, Zhiqiang & Hao, Xingyu, 2021. "Increased carbon uptake under elevated CO2 concentration enhances water-use efficiency of C4 broomcorn millet under drought," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 245(C).
    3. Li, Dongxiao & Liu, Huiling & Qiao, Yunzhou & Wang, Youning & Cai, Zhaoming & Dong, Baodi & Shi, Changhai & Liu, Yueyan & Li, Xia & Liu, Mengyu, 2013. "Effects of elevated CO2 on the growth, seed yield, and water use efficiency of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) under drought stress," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 129(C), pages 105-112.
    4. Li, Xiaojie & Kang, Shaozhong & Zhang, Xiaotao & Li, Fusheng & Lu, Hongna, 2018. "Deficit irrigation provokes more pronounced responses of maize photosynthesis and water productivity to elevated CO2," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 195(C), pages 71-83.
    5. Lenka, Narendra Kumar & Lenka, Sangeeta & Yashona, Dharmendra Singh & Jat, Dinesh, 2021. "Elevated temperature and low nitrogen partially offset the yield, evapotranspiration, and water use efficiency of winter wheat under carbon dioxide enrichment," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 250(C).

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