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An analysis of why rehabilitation and balancing programs for aquifers do not meet water organizations' targets (a case study of the Qazvin aquifer in Iran)

Author

Listed:
  • Hashemi, Masoumeh
  • Mazandarani Zadeh, Hamed
  • Zarghami, Mahdi
  • Demeke, Betelhem W.
  • Taraghi Delgarm, Razieh

Abstract

Iran experiences insufficient precipitation, resulting in excessive use of groundwater resources, leading to negative water balances in many plains. As a result, the Ministry of Energy began implementing the Groundwater Rehabilitation and Balancing Plan (GRBP) in 2006 to replenish the aquifers. The plan includes measures such as Blocking Illegal Wells (BIW), Equipping Wells with Volumetric Meters (EWVM), Increasing Patrol and Control (IPC), and inspecting the degree of exploitation of groundwater, etc. In this study, researchers examined the level of social agreement between farmers and experts on the effectiveness of the Ministry of Energy's policies for the GRBP and assessed the farmers' response to droughts in this descriptive-analytic study. The data were collected using questionnaires designed in Likert scale, and they were analyzed in R programming language using the t-test, independent-sample t-test, and Friedman test. It was found that 84% and 58% of the farmers have negative attitudes towards BIW and IPC respectively. Farmers have demonstrated the greatest level of cooperation (90%), towards the use of pressured irrigation system (IPIS). The study revealed that farmers and experts disagree about the effectiveness of all measures in reviving and balancing groundwater resources. Farmers are not willing to cooperate with the government on the implementation of measures that limit their agricultural freedom. According to Friedman's results, unlike farmers, experts prefer structural and procedural measures, such as blocking unauthorized wells, instead of relying on educational methods and culturalization. This study demonstrates how understating and discrediting farmers' roles in sustainable water resources and constructing a monocentric governance system has led to the current situation, which is not ideal for groundwater sustainability.

Suggested Citation

  • Hashemi, Masoumeh & Mazandarani Zadeh, Hamed & Zarghami, Mahdi & Demeke, Betelhem W. & Taraghi Delgarm, Razieh, 2023. "An analysis of why rehabilitation and balancing programs for aquifers do not meet water organizations' targets (a case study of the Qazvin aquifer in Iran)," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 281(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:agiwat:v:281:y:2023:i:c:s0378377423001233
    DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2023.108258
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Higuchi, Angie & Coq-Huelva, Daniel & Arias-Gutierrez, Ruth & Alfalla-Luque, Rafaela, 2020. "Farmer satisfaction and cocoa cooperative performance: evidence from Tocache, Peru," International Food and Agribusiness Management Review, International Food and Agribusiness Management Association, vol. 23(2), May.
    2. Moslem Savari & Mohammad Shokati Amghani, 2021. "Factors influencing farmers’ adaptation strategies in confronting the drought in Iran," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 23(4), pages 4949-4972, April.
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