IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/agiwat/v254y2021ics0378377421002067.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Water competition mechanism of food and energy industries in WEF Nexus: A case study in China

Author

Listed:
  • Hua, En
  • Wang, Xinyu
  • Engel, Bernie A.
  • Qian, Haiyang
  • Sun, Shikun
  • Wang, Yubao

Abstract

Water, energy and food (WEF) are three basic elements that safeguard human life and socioeconomic development. As the demand for water increases in food and energy production, water scarcity is more prominent globally. WEF Nexus plays an important role in evaluating and alleviating the contradiction between food and energy for water. Based on the water footprint of food and energy in China from 1997 to 2016, this paper used the “Structure-Conduct-Performance” analysis paradigm to evaluate the water competition mechanism. The newly constructed competition mechanism model includes type, conduct and performance. The results showed that the blue water footprint of energy increased from 3.25 Gm³ in 1997 to 12.54 Gm³ in 2016. The blue water footprint of food remained above 200 Gm³ for many years, and competition between food and energy production for water was intensifying. The gray water footprint of energy was increasing yearly, and food reached the maximum value of 181.01 Gm³ in 2014. Through model analysis, the South-to-North Water Diversion has not effectively alleviated water scarcity, and a few provinces were still classified in the water pressure-dominated area. The northern channel of West-to-East Power Transmission only transferred electric energy from water pressure-dominated area, causing the unsustainability coefficients of Inner Mongolia and Yunnan to increase from 0.09 and 0.03 in 1997 to 0.23 and 0.05 in 2016. This paper provides effective policy insights for global challenges facing WEF Nexus from the source, process and end of food and energy production.

Suggested Citation

  • Hua, En & Wang, Xinyu & Engel, Bernie A. & Qian, Haiyang & Sun, Shikun & Wang, Yubao, 2021. "Water competition mechanism of food and energy industries in WEF Nexus: A case study in China," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 254(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:agiwat:v:254:y:2021:i:c:s0378377421002067
    DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2021.106941
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378377421002067
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.agwat.2021.106941?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Tony Allan & Martin Keulertz & Eckart Woertz, 2015. "The water-food-energy nexus: an introduction to nexus concepts and some conceptual and operational problems," International Journal of Water Resources Development, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 31(3), pages 301-311, September.
    2. Fernando Miralles-Wilhelm, 2016. "Development and application of integrative modeling tools in support of food-energy-water nexus planning—a research agenda," Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences, Springer;Association of Environmental Studies and Sciences, vol. 6(1), pages 3-10, March.
    3. Marta Antonelli & Stefania Tamea, 2015. "Food-water security and virtual water trade in the Middle East and North Africa," International Journal of Water Resources Development, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 31(3), pages 326-342, September.
    4. Caroline King & Hadi Jaafar, 2015. "Rapid assessment of the water-energy-food-climate nexus in six selected basins of North Africa and West Asia undergoing transitions and scarcity threats," International Journal of Water Resources Development, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 31(3), pages 343-359, September.
    5. Radmehr, Riza & Ghorbani, Mohammad & Ziaei, Ali Naghi, 2021. "Quantifying and managing the water-energy-food nexus in dry regions food insecurity: New methods and evidence," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 245(C).
    6. Sadeghi, Seyed Hamidreza & Sharifi Moghadam, Ehsan & Delavar, Majid & Zarghami, Mahdi, 2020. "Application of water-energy-food nexus approach for designating optimal agricultural management pattern at a watershed scale," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 233(C).
    7. Zhang, Jie & Campana, Pietro Elia & Yao, Tian & Zhang, Yang & Lundblad, Anders & Melton, Forrest & Yan, Jinyue, 2018. "The water-food-energy nexus optimization approach to combat agricultural drought: a case study in the United States," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 227(C), pages 449-464.
    8. Zeng, X.T. & Zhang, J.L. & Yu, L. & Zhu, J.X. & Li, Z. & Tang, L., 2019. "A sustainable water-food-energy plan to confront climatic and socioeconomic changes using simulation-optimization approach," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 236(C), pages 743-759.
    9. Matthew Egan, 2011. "The Water Footprint Assessment Manual. Setting the Global Standard," Social and Environmental Accountability Journal, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 31(2), pages 181-182, September.
    10. Junguo Liu & H. H. G. Savenije, 2008. "Time to break the silence around virtual-water imports," Nature, Nature, vol. 453(7195), pages 587-587, May.
    11. Yue, Qiong & Guo, Ping, 2021. "Managing agricultural water-energy-food-environment nexus considering water footprint and carbon footprint under uncertainty," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 252(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Christian P. Schneider, 2024. "Implementing the Resource Nexus approach: the contribution of internationalising German businesses," Sustainability Nexus Forum, Springer, vol. 32(1), pages 1-13, December.
    2. Li, Yuqin & Zhang, Lixiao & Zhang, Pengpeng & Li, Xinqing & Hao, Yan, 2024. "Water-energy-food nexus in China: An interregional comparison," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 301(C).
    3. Huang, Daohan & Li, Guijun & Chang, Yuan & Sun, Chengshuang, 2023. "Water, energy, and food nexus efficiency in China: A provincial assessment using a three-stage data envelopment analysis model," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 263(PE).
    4. Shandong Niu & Xiao Lyu & Guozheng Gu, 2022. "A New Framework of Green Transition of Cultivated Land-Use for the Coordination among the Water-Land-Food-Carbon Nexus in China," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-25, June.
    5. Min Ge & Kaili Yu & Ange Ding & Gaofeng Liu, 2022. "Input-Output Efficiency of Water-Energy-Food and Its Driving Forces: Spatial-Temporal Heterogeneity of Yangtze River Economic Belt, China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(3), pages 1-15, January.
    6. Hua, En & Han, Xinxueqi & Bai, Yawen & Engel, Bernard A. & Li, Xin & Sun, Shikun & Wang, Yubao, 2023. "Synergy of water use in water-energy-food nexus from a symbiosis perspective: A case study in China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 283(C).
    7. Somayeh Rezaei Kalvani & Fulvio Celico, 2024. "Analysis of Pros and Cons in Using the Water–Energy–Food Nexus Approach to Assess Resource Security: A Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(7), pages 1-18, March.
    8. Zhang, Yu & Ren, Chongfeng & Zhang, Hongbo & Xie, Zhishuai & Wang, Yashi, 2022. "Managing irrigation water resources with economic benefit and energy consumption: an interval linear multi-objective fractional optimization model under multiple uncertainties," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 272(C).
    9. Shaohui Zou & Zhe Liao & Yichen Liu & Xiangbo Fan, 2024. "Research on the Impact of Heterogeneous Environmental Regulation on the Coordinated Development of China’s Water–Energy–Food System from a Spatial Perspective," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-22, January.
    10. Feng, Meiqing & Chen, Yaning & Duan, Weili & Fang, Gonghuan & li, Zhi & Jiao, Li & Sun, Fan & Li, Yupeng & Hou, Yifeng, 2022. "Comprehensive evaluation of the water-energy-food nexus in the agricultural management of the Tarim River Basin, Northwest China," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 271(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Siderius, Christian & Conway, Declan & Yassine, Mohamed & Murken, Lisa & Lostis, Pierre-Louis & Dalin, Carole, 2020. "Multi-scale analysis of the water-energy-food nexus in the Gulf region," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 104091, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    2. Zhang, Xiaoxing & Guo, Ping & Guo, Wenxian & Gong, Juan & Luo, Biao, 2021. "Optimization towards sustainable development in shallow groundwater area and risk analysis," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 258(C).
    3. Rezvan Khosravi & Arash Azari & Ali Bafkar, 2024. "A New Flexible and Widely Software to Achieve Sustainable Agriculture based on Water-Energy-Food Nexus," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 38(13), pages 5123-5141, October.
    4. Feng, Meiqing & Chen, Yaning & Duan, Weili & Fang, Gonghuan & li, Zhi & Jiao, Li & Sun, Fan & Li, Yupeng & Hou, Yifeng, 2022. "Comprehensive evaluation of the water-energy-food nexus in the agricultural management of the Tarim River Basin, Northwest China," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 271(C).
    5. Jue Wang & Keyi Ju & Xiaozhuo Wei, 2024. "Water–Energy–Land Reallocation and Multiobjective Optimization in the Agricultural System," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 38(14), pages 5783-5806, November.
    6. Zuo, Qiting & Wu, Qingsong & Yu, Lei & Li, Yongping & Fan, Yurui, 2021. "Optimization of uncertain agricultural management considering the framework of water, energy and food," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 253(C).
    7. Ershadfath, Farnaz & Shahnazari, Ali & Sarjaz, Mahmoud Raeini & Moghadasi, Omid Ali & Soheilifard, Farshad & Andaryani, Soghra & Khosravi, Rezvan & Ebrahimi, Raheleh & Hashemi, Fatemeh & Trolle, Denni, 2024. "Water-energy-food-greenhouse gas nexus: An approach to solutions for water scarcity in agriculture of a semi-arid region," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 219(C).
    8. Govindan, Rajesh & Al-Ansari, Tareq, 2019. "Computational decision framework for enhancing resilience of the energy, water and food nexus in risky environments," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 112(C), pages 653-668.
    9. Changfeng Shi & Hang Yuan & Qinghua Pang & Yangyang Zhang, 2020. "Research on the Decoupling of Water Resources Utilization and Agricultural Economic Development in Gansu Province from the Perspective of Water Footprint," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(16), pages 1-16, August.
    10. White, David J. & Hubacek, Klaus & Feng, Kuishuang & Sun, Laixiang & Meng, Bo, 2018. "The Water-Energy-Food Nexus in East Asia: A tele-connected value chain analysis using inter-regional input-output analysis," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 210(C), pages 550-567.
    11. Wang, Qiushi & Liang, Shen & Zhu, Ziye & Wu, Gang & Su, Yuehong & Zheng, Hongfei, 2019. "Performance of seawater-filling type planting system based on solar distillation process: Numerical and experimental investigation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 250(C), pages 1225-1234.
    12. Majid Ali & Muhammad Naveed Anjum & Donghui Shangguan & Safdar Hussain, 2022. "Water, Energy, and Food Nexus in Pakistan: Parametric and Non-Parametric Analysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-17, October.
    13. Joel O. Botai & Christina M. Botai & Katlego P. Ncongwane & Sylvester Mpandeli & Luxon Nhamo & Muthoni Masinde & Abiodun M. Adeola & Michael G. Mengistu & Henerica Tazvinga & Miriam D. Murambadoro & S, 2021. "A Review of the Water–Energy–Food Nexus Research in Africa," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-26, February.
    14. Nawab, Asim & Liu, Gengyuan & Meng, Fanxin & Hao, Yan & Zhang, Yan, 2019. "Urban energy-water nexus: Spatial and inter-sectoral analysis in a multi-scale economy," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 403(C), pages 44-56.
    15. Samira Shayanmehr & Jana Ivanič Porhajašová & Mária Babošová & Mahmood Sabouhi Sabouni & Hosein Mohammadi & Shida Rastegari Henneberry & Naser Shahnoushi Foroushani, 2022. "The Impacts of Climate Change on Water Resources and Crop Production in an Arid Region," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-22, July.
    16. Nicholas R. Magliocca, 2020. "Agent-Based Modeling for Integrating Human Behavior into the Food–Energy–Water Nexus," Land, MDPI, vol. 9(12), pages 1-25, December.
    17. Najam uz Zehra Gardezi & Brent S. Steel & Angela Lavado, 2020. "The Impact of Efficacy, Values, and Knowledge on Public Preferences Concerning Food–Water–Energy Policy Tradeoffs," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(22), pages 1-20, November.
    18. Mozhgan Moshtagh & Mohaddeseh Mohsenpour, 2019. "Community viewpoints about water crisis, conservation and recycling: a case study in Tehran," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 21(6), pages 2721-2731, December.
    19. Bieber, Niclas & Ker, Jen Ho & Wang, Xiaonan & Triantafyllidis, Charalampos & van Dam, Koen H. & Koppelaar, Rembrandt H.E.M. & Shah, Nilay, 2018. "Sustainable planning of the energy-water-food nexus using decision making tools," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 584-607.
    20. Yue, Qiong & Guo, Ping, 2021. "Managing agricultural water-energy-food-environment nexus considering water footprint and carbon footprint under uncertainty," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 252(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:agiwat:v:254:y:2021:i:c:s0378377421002067. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/agwat .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.