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A crop coefficient –based water use model with non-uniform root distribution

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  • Schwartz, Robert C.
  • Domínguez, Alfonso
  • Pardo, José J.
  • Colaizzi, Paul D.
  • Baumhardt, R. Louis
  • Bell, Jourdan M.

Abstract

Uncertainties in the estimation of evapotranspiration (ET1) using the crop coefficient (Kc)-reference ET method arise for deeply rooted crops and severe water stress. We expanded upon the crop coefficient–based model by modifying plant available water via a nonuniform root distribution that limited deep water extraction using daily estimated soil profile water contents. The model was calibrated to predict maize (Zea mays L.) ET over a wide range in crop water deficits. In addition, maize grain yield was calibrated with model-predicted ET using a multiplicative water production function. The calibrated model with optimized crop and stress response coefficients predicted actual maize ET for a wide range in water deficits with a daily and growing season prediction root mean square error (RMSE) of 1.16 mm d−1 and 25.6 mm, respectively. A nonuniform root distribution functioned similarly to stress response coefficients reducing soil water extraction deeper in the profile with a resultant 18% reduction in the prediction RMSE compared with the optimized stress response conventionally used with the Kc approach. The largest uncertainties in predicted crop ET resulted from an underestimation of runoff and an overestimation of crop water use during stress-induced early senescence. Measured and predicted soil water contents averaged over the entire rooting depth agreed closely, however root water extraction was overestimated deeper in the profile. Calibration of the water production function using data exhibiting a wide range in measured grain yield resulted in a RMSE of 2.1 Mg ha−1. Including an additive high temperature stress response expression improved the calibration. Because of the limited input requirements and robustness over a wide range in crop water stress levels, the model would be suitable for evaluating deficit irrigation strategies.

Suggested Citation

  • Schwartz, Robert C. & Domínguez, Alfonso & Pardo, José J. & Colaizzi, Paul D. & Baumhardt, R. Louis & Bell, Jourdan M., 2020. "A crop coefficient –based water use model with non-uniform root distribution," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 228(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:agiwat:v:228:y:2020:i:c:s0378377419309679
    DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2019.105892
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Skaggs, Todd H. & van Genuchten, Martinus Th. & Shouse, Peter J. & Poss, James A., 2006. "Macroscopic approaches to root water uptake as a function of water and salinity stress," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 86(1-2), pages 140-149, November.
    2. Rao, N. H. & Sarma, P. B. S. & Chander, Subhash, 1988. "A simple dated water-production function for use in irrigated agriculture," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 13(1), pages 25-32, April.
    3. Domínguez, A. & Tarjuelo, J.M. & de Juan, J.A. & López-Mata, E. & Breidy, J. & Karam, F., 2011. "Deficit irrigation under water stress and salinity conditions: The MOPECO-Salt Model," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 98(9), pages 1451-1461, July.
    4. Domínguez, A. & Martínez, R.S. & de Juan, J.A. & Martínez-Romero, A. & Tarjuelo, J.M., 2012. "Simulation of maize crop behavior under deficit irrigation using MOPECO model in a semi-arid environment," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 107(C), pages 42-53.
    5. Domínguez, A. & de Juan, J.A. & Tarjuelo, J.M. & Martínez, R.S. & Martínez-Romero, A., 2012. "Determination of optimal regulated deficit irrigation strategies for maize in a semi-arid environment," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 110(C), pages 67-77.
    6. Piccinni, Giovanni & Ko, Jonghan & Marek, Thomas & Howell, Terry, 2009. "Determination of growth-stage-specific crop coefficients (KC) of maize and sorghum," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 96(12), pages 1698-1704, December.
    7. Ko, Jonghan & Piccinni, Giovanni & Marek, Thomas & Howell, Terry, 2009. "Determination of growth-stage-specific crop coefficients (Kc) of cotton and wheat," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 96(12), pages 1691-1697, December.
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    2. Pereira, L.S. & Paredes, P. & Jovanovic, N., 2020. "Soil water balance models for determining crop water and irrigation requirements and irrigation scheduling focusing on the FAO56 method and the dual Kc approach," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 241(C).

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