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Evapotranspiration, water productivity and crop coefficients for irrigated sunflower in the U.S. Southern High Plains

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  • Howell, Terry A.
  • Evett, Steven R.
  • Tolk, Judy A.
  • Copeland, Karen S.
  • Marek, Thomas H.

Abstract

Sunflower is a diverse crop grown for oil or confectionary uses in the U.S. Southern High Plains, often under irrigation, but its water use, water productivity (water use efficiency) and crop coefficients for irrigation scheduling are not well known for the Texas High Plains. Crop water use (evapotranspiration or ET) was measured in 2009 and 2011 in two 4.4-ha fields using two precision 9m2 weighing lysimeters containing 2.3-m deep monoliths of Pullman clay loam soil. The fields were irrigated with a lateral move sprinkler system with nozzles about 1.7–1.8m above the ground and 1.5-m apart. The sunflower ET averaged 638mm; seed yields averaged 308gm−2; and the lysimeter crop water productivity averaged 0.49kg (dry seed+hull) m−3. Even in the 2011 record drought season with limited soil water reserves, seed yield and oil content appeared similar to those for the 2009 season with greater precipitation and less irrigation requirement. Also, a month later sowing date in 2011, which might occur following an early cotton crop failure, did not appear to greatly affect ET, crop coefficients, or sunflower seed yields. The basal crop coefficients were 0.15 for the initial period after planting (Kcbini) and 1.22 for the peak water use rate at full cover (Kcbmid) based on the daily ASCE short “grass” reference ET (ETos) and FAO 56 climate adjustment. The Kcbmid based on the ASCE taller, rougher “alfalfa” Reference ET (ETrs) was 0.80. Using a thermal-time base (growing degree day) for the crop coefficient did not greatly improve the representation of the crop coefficient. Comparisons of ASCE reference ET computed using hourly versus daily summary data, and for short and tall reference crops, to each other and to FAO 56 reference ET showed that the relationships between reference ET methods varied significantly from one year to the next. This climate effect means that conversions of crop coefficients from one standard ET formulation to another will not be straightforward.

Suggested Citation

  • Howell, Terry A. & Evett, Steven R. & Tolk, Judy A. & Copeland, Karen S. & Marek, Thomas H., 2015. "Evapotranspiration, water productivity and crop coefficients for irrigated sunflower in the U.S. Southern High Plains," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 33-46.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:agiwat:v:162:y:2015:i:c:p:33-46
    DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2015.08.008
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Stone, L. R. & Schlegel, A. J. & Gwin, R. E. & Khan, A. H., 1996. "Response of corn, grain sorghum, and sunflower to irrigation in the High Plains of Kansas," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 30(3), pages 251-259, May.
    2. Sezen, S.M. & Yazar, A. & Kapur, B. & Tekin, S., 2011. "Comparison of drip and sprinkler irrigation strategies on sunflower seed and oil yield and quality under Mediterranean climatic conditions," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 98(7), pages 1153-1161, May.
    3. Karam, Fadi & Lahoud, Rafic & Masaad, Randa & Kabalan, Rabih & Breidi, Joelle & Chalita, Claude & Rouphael, Youssef, 2007. "Evapotranspiration, seed yield and water use efficiency of drip irrigated sunflower under full and deficit irrigation conditions," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 90(3), pages 213-223, June.
    4. Tyagi, N. K. & Sharma, D. K. & Luthra, S. K., 2000. "Determination of evapotranspiration and crop coefficients of rice and sunflower with lysimeter," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 45(1), pages 41-54, June.
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    2. Kiani, Mina & Gheysari, Mahdi & Mostafazadeh-Fard, Behrouz & Majidi, Mohammad Mahdi & Karchani, Kazem & Hoogenboom, Gerrit, 2016. "Effect of the interaction of water and nitrogen on sunflower under drip irrigation in an arid region," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 171(C), pages 162-172.
    3. Ji, X.B. & Chen, J.M. & Zhao, W.Z. & Kang, E.S. & Jin, B.W. & Xu, S.Q., 2017. "Comparison of hourly and daily Penman-Monteith grass- and alfalfa-reference evapotranspiration equations and crop coefficients for maize under arid climatic conditions," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 192(C), pages 1-11.
    4. Pereira, L.S. & Paredes, P. & Hunsaker, D.J. & López-Urrea, R. & Mohammadi Shad, Z., 2021. "Standard single and basal crop coefficients for field crops. Updates and advances to the FAO56 crop water requirements method," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 243(C).

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