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Saffron response to irrigation water salinity, cow manure and planting method

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  • Yarami, Najmeh
  • Sepaskhah, Ali Reza

Abstract

Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) is the most strategic and expensive crop in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Shortage and salinity of irrigation water are two major constraints that influence saffron production in arid and semi-arid regions. The objective of the present study is to investigate the effects of irrigation water salinity, cow manure levels and different planting methods as strategies for coping with the impacts of salinity on yield and growth of saffron. Experimental design was a split–split plot arrangement in randomized complete block design with salinity levels of irrigation water as the main plot, cow manure levels as the subplot and planting method as the sub-subplot in three replications. The salinity levels consisted of 0.45 (well water, S1), 1.0 (S2), 2.0 (S3), and 3.0 (S4) dSm−1. The fertilizer levels were 30 (F1) and 60 (F2) Mgha−1 of cow manure for the first growing season and 15 and 30Mgha−1 for the second growing seasons. The planting methods were basin (P1) and in-furrow (P2). Saffron (stile/stigmas) yield declined by about 38% by increasing water salinity to highest level. Saffron yield in the in-furrow planting method was higher than 3.5 times that in the basin planting, which indicates that the in-furrow planting method can be recommended as a highly efficient method for saffron planting, by providing a probably appropriate soil temperature condition for corms growth. Higher cow manure application (60Mgha−1) increased saffron yield by about 23%, due to improving soil fertility and supplying the nutrient requirements of plant. Maximum threshold ECe for saffron yield was 1.1dSm−1 that occurred under in-furrow planting method and cow manure application rate of 60Mgha−1 and saffron yield reduction coefficient was on average 40% per unit soil salinity increase. Finally, saffron can be considered as a salt-sensitive crop. High salt sensitivity of saffron could be remediated by using the in-furrow planting method and cow manure application.

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  • Yarami, Najmeh & Sepaskhah, Ali Reza, 2015. "Saffron response to irrigation water salinity, cow manure and planting method," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 150(C), pages 57-66.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:agiwat:v:150:y:2015:i:c:p:57-66
    DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2014.12.004
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    6. Zhang, Jiyang & Sun, Jingsheng & Duan, Aiwang & Wang, Jinglei & Shen, Xiaojun & Liu, Xiaofei, 2007. "Effects of different planting patterns on water use and yield performance of winter wheat in the Huang-Huai-Hai plain of China," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 92(1-2), pages 41-47, August.
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    2. Wang, Qing & Men, Lizhi & Gao, Lihong & Tian, Yongqiang, 2017. "Effect of grafting and gypsum application on cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) growth under saline water irrigation," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 188(C), pages 79-90.
    3. Shahrokhnia, Mohammad Hossein & Sepaskhah, Ali Reza, 2016. "Effects of irrigation strategies, planting methods and nitrogen fertilization on yield, water and nitrogen efficiencies of safflower," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 172(C), pages 18-30.
    4. Seyedeh Elahe Hashemi & Shahab Madahhosseini & Hadi Pirasteh-Anosheh & Ebrahim Sedaghati & Marco Race, 2022. "The Role of Nitrogen in Inducing Salt Stress Tolerance in Crocus sativus L.: Assessment Based on Plant Growth and Ions Distribution in Leaves," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-13, December.
    5. Razmavaran, Mohammad Hadi & Sepaskhah, Ali Reza & Ahmadi, Seyed Hamid, 2024. "Water footprint and production of rain-fed saffron under different planting methods with ridge plastic mulch and pre-flowering irrigation in a semi-arid region," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 291(C).
    6. Mosaffa, Hamid Reza & Sepaskhah, Ali Reza, 2019. "Performance of irrigation regimes and water salinity on winter wheat as influenced by planting methods," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 216(C), pages 444-456.
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    8. Yarami, Najmeh & Sepaskhah, Ali Reza, 2015. "Physiological growth and gas exchange response of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) to irrigation water salinity, manure application and planting method," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 154(C), pages 43-51.

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