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Low water stress conditions in table olive trees (Olea europaea L.) during pit hardening produced a different response of fruit and leaf water relations

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  • Dell’Amico, J.
  • Moriana, A.
  • Corell, M.
  • Girón, I.F.
  • Morales, D.
  • Torrecillas, A.
  • Moreno, F.

Abstract

The scarcity of water for agricultural use is producing a generalization of deficit irrigations in most of the fruit trees. Regulated deficit irrigation in olive trees is scheduled with a period of water stress during the pit hardening phase with low or, even, no decrease in yield. During this phenological stage, fruit is a great sink of assimilates and competes with vegetative growth, producing a significant change in the water relation of the tree. The aim of this work is to study the water relations in leaves and fruits in a period of drought during the phenological stage of pit hardening in a mature (43-year-old) table olive orchard. Water relations of leaves and fruits were compared between a Control of fully irrigated trees and Stressed trees (with a period of drought from 1 week after the beginning of pit hardening until 1 week before harvest). The water stress conditions were considered as low level, according with the stem water potential data. Leaf water relations were quickly affected with a reduction of midday stem water potential and turgor pressure at 14 days after the beginning of the drought (DABD). Leaf osmotic adjustment was measured only at the end of the drought cycle (63DABD). On the other hand, fruit water relations were affected slowly and only osmotic potential was reduced at 14DABD. Such variations produced a change in the source of water flow from xylem to phloem according to the variations in leaf–fruit water potential. The pattern of adaptation of leaves and fruit during the drought cycle and the relationship between them is discussed.

Suggested Citation

  • Dell’Amico, J. & Moriana, A. & Corell, M. & Girón, I.F. & Morales, D. & Torrecillas, A. & Moreno, F., 2012. "Low water stress conditions in table olive trees (Olea europaea L.) during pit hardening produced a different response of fruit and leaf water relations," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 114(C), pages 11-17.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:agiwat:v:114:y:2012:i:c:p:11-17
    DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2012.06.004
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Pérez-López, D. & Gijón, M.C. & Moriana, A., 2008. "Influence of irrigation rate on the rehydration of olive tree plantlets," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 95(10), pages 1161-1166, October.
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    1. Girón, I.F. & Corell, M. & Martín-Palomo, M.J. & Galindo, A. & Torrecillas, A. & Moreno, F. & Moriana, A., 2015. "Feasibility of trunk diameter fluctuations in the scheduling of regulated deficit irrigation for table olive trees without reference trees," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 161(C), pages 114-126.
    2. Girón, I.F. & Corell, M. & Galindo, A. & Torrecillas, E. & Morales, D. & Dell’Amico, J. & Torrecillas, A. & Moreno, F. & Moriana, A., 2015. "Changes in the physiological response between leaves and fruits during a moderate water stress in table olive trees," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 148(C), pages 280-286.
    3. Fernandes, Rafael Dreux Miranda & Cuevas, Maria Victoria & Diaz-Espejo, Antonio & Hernandez-Santana, Virginia, 2018. "Effects of water stress on fruit growth and water relations between fruits and leaves in a hedgerow olive orchard," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 210(C), pages 32-40.
    4. Ahumada-Orellana, Luis E. & Ortega-Farías, Samuel & Searles, Peter S., 2018. "Olive oil quality response to irrigation cut-off strategies in a super-high density orchard," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 202(C), pages 81-88.
    5. Cajias, Evelyn & Antunez, Alejandro & Román, L.F., 2016. "Response to moderate water stress imposed after pit hardening in mature table olive orchard cv. Azapa," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 173(C), pages 76-83.
    6. Ghrab, Mohamed & Gargouri, Kamel & Bentaher, Hatem & Chartzoulakis, Kostas & Ayadi, Mohamed & Ben Mimoun, Mehdi & Masmoudi, Mohamed Moncef & Ben Mechlia, Netij & Psarras, Georgios, 2013. "Water relations and yield of olive tree (cv. Chemlali) in response to partial root-zone drying (PRD) irrigation technique and salinity under arid climate," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 123(C), pages 1-11.
    7. Galindo, A. & Cruz, Z.N. & Rodríguez, P. & Collado-González, J. & Corell, M. & Memmi, H. & Moreno, F. & Moriana, A. & Torrecillas, A. & Pérez-López, D., 2016. "Jujube fruit water relations at fruit maturation in response to water deficits," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 164(P1), pages 110-117.
    8. Casanova, L. & Corell, M. & Suárez, M.P. & Rallo, P. & Martín-Palomo, M.J. & Morales-Sillero, A. & Moriana, A. & Jiménez, M.R., 2019. "Bruising response in ‘Manzanilla de Sevilla’ olives to RDI strategies based on water potential," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 222(C), pages 265-273.
    9. Corell, M. & Martín-Palomo, M.J. & Pérez-López, D. & Centeno, A. & Girón, I. & Moreno, F. & Torrecillas, A. & Moriana, A., 2017. "Approach for using trunk growth rate (TGR) in the irrigation scheduling of table olive orchards," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 192(C), pages 12-20.
    10. Alcaras, L. Martín Agüero & Rousseaux, M. Cecilia & Searles, Peter S., 2016. "Responses of several soil and plant indicators to post-harvest regulated deficit irrigation in olive trees and their potential for irrigation scheduling," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 171(C), pages 10-20.

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