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Whole-farm phosphorus loss from grazing-based dairy farms

Author

Listed:
  • Vadas, Peter A.
  • Mark Powell, J.
  • Brink, Geoff E.
  • Busch, Dennis L.
  • Good, Laura W.

Abstract

Phosphorus (P) loss from agricultural farms persists as a water quality impairment issue. For dairy farms, P can be lost from cropland, pastures, and open-air lots. A need remains for user-friendly, readily applied, decision-support tools that simulate all areas of dairy farms, and determine their relative contribution to whole-farm P loss. We used the Snap Plus and APLE models to estimate annual P loss from all areas on four grazing-based dairy farms in Wisconsin, USA. At the whole-farm level, average annual P loss (kgha−1) from grazing-based dairy farms was low (0.5 to 1.8kgha−1), generally because a significant portion of land was in well-vegetated pastures or hay and had low erosion. However, there were areas on the farms that represented sources of significant P loss. For cropland, the greatest P loss was from areas with exposed soil, typically for corn production, and especially on steeper sloping land. The farm areas with the greatest P loss were concentrated animal housing, including barnyards, and over-wintering and young-stock lots. These areas can represent from about 5% to almost 30% of total farm P loss, depending on lot management and P loss from other land uses. Our project builds on research to show that producer surveys can provide reliable management information to assess whole-farm P loss. It also shows that we can use models like RUSLE2, Snap-Plus, and APLE to rapidly and reliably estimate P loss in runoff from all areas on a dairy farm and identify critical P source areas in greatest need of alternative management.

Suggested Citation

  • Vadas, Peter A. & Mark Powell, J. & Brink, Geoff E. & Busch, Dennis L. & Good, Laura W., 2015. "Whole-farm phosphorus loss from grazing-based dairy farms," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 140(C), pages 40-47.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:agisys:v:140:y:2015:i:c:p:40-47
    DOI: 10.1016/j.agsy.2015.08.007
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Huhtanen, Pekka & Nousiainen, Juha & Turtola, Eila, 2011. "Dairy farm nutrient management model: 2. Evaluation of different strategies to mitigate phosphorus surplus," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 104(5), pages 383-391, June.
    2. Kevin Parris, 2011. "Impact of Agriculture on Water Pollution in OECD Countries: Recent Trends and Future Prospects," International Journal of Water Resources Development, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 27(1), pages 33-52, March.
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    Keywords

    Phosphorus; Runoff; Whole-farm; Model;
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