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Toward sustainable coffee production in Vietnam: More coffee with less water

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  • Amarasinghe, Upali A.
  • Hoanh, Chu Thai
  • D'haeze, Dave
  • Hung, Tran Quoc

Abstract

Inefficient use of irrigation water threatens coffee production in Vietnam, the second largest producer worldwide after Brazil. This paper examines the irrigation issues that constrain sustainable coffee production in Vietnam. The period from January to April is a crucial time in the growth of the coffee crop. It requires irrigation, because rainfall only provides 25% of the potential crop evapotranspiration demand. According to crop phenology, this period also requires induced water stress, because it coincides with breaking the dormancy of flower buds and initiation of cherry development, which is crucial for achieving high yield. This paper proposes an irrigation supply of 120 or 150 mm between January and April in a year preceded by good or average rainfall respectively, in November and December. This is equivalent to 364 or 456 liters/plant/round in 3 rounds/year, which is only 70% of the locally recommended level by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development. Synchronizing this irrigation supply with the management of other inputs could increase average yield up to 4000 kg/ha, from the present level of 2400 kg/ha making coffee production both sustainable and economically viable. In order to achieve this, building capacity of farmers to follow the irrigation and input application schedules is crucial.

Suggested Citation

  • Amarasinghe, Upali A. & Hoanh, Chu Thai & D'haeze, Dave & Hung, Tran Quoc, 2015. "Toward sustainable coffee production in Vietnam: More coffee with less water," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 136(C), pages 96-105.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:agisys:v:136:y:2015:i:c:p:96-105
    DOI: 10.1016/j.agsy.2015.02.008
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. D'haeze, Dave & Deckers, Jozef & Raes, Dirk & Phong, Tran An & Minh Chanh, Nguyen Dang, 2003. "Over-irrigation of Coffea canephora in the Central Highlands of Vietnam revisited: Simulation of soil moisture dynamics in Rhodic Ferralsols," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 63(3), pages 185-202, December.
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    Cited by:

    1. Nguyen Hung Anh & Wolfgang Bokelmann & Ngo Thi Thuan & Do Thi Nga & Nguyen Van Minh, 2019. "Smallholders’ Preferences for Different Contract Farming Models: Empirical Evidence from Sustainable Certified Coffee Production in Vietnam," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(14), pages 1-26, July.
    2. Thuy, Phan Thi & Niem, Le Duc & Lebailly, Philippe, 2020. "Recent Evolution of Perennial Crop Farms: Evidence from Dak Lak Province, Vietnam," AGRIS on-line Papers in Economics and Informatics, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Economics and Management, vol. 10(3), September.
    3. Nguyen Hung Anh & Wolfgang Bokelmann & Do Thi Nga & Nguyen Van Minh, 2019. "Toward Sustainability or Efficiency: The Case of Smallholder Coffee Farmers in Vietnam," Economies, MDPI, vol. 7(3), pages 1-25, July.
    4. Byrareddy, Vivekananda & Kouadio, Louis & Kath, Jarrod & Mushtaq, Shahbaz & Rafiei, Vahid & Scobie, Michael & Stone, Roger, 2020. "Win-win: Improved irrigation management saves water and increases yield for robusta coffee farms in Vietnam," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 241(C).
    5. World Bank, "undated". "East Asia and Pacific Economic Update, April 2017," World Bank Publications - Reports 26332, The World Bank Group.
    6. Daniel Gaitán-Cremaschi & Frits K. Van Evert & Don M. Jansen & Miranda P. M. Meuwissen & Alfons G. J. M. Oude Lansink, 2018. "Assessing the Sustainability Performance of Coffee Farms in Vietnam: A Social Profit Inefficiency Approach," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-23, November.
    7. Kouadio, Louis & Tixier, Philippe & Byrareddy, Vivekananda & Marcussen, Torben & Mushtaq, Shahbaz & Rapidel, Bruno & Stone, Roger, 2021. "Performance of a process-based model for predicting robusta coffee yield at the regional scale in Vietnam," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 443(C).
    8. Mai Phuong Nguyen & Philippe Vaast & Tim Pagella & Fergus Sinclair, 2020. "Local Knowledge about Ecosystem Services Provided by Trees in Coffee Agroforestry Practices in Northwest Vietnam," Land, MDPI, vol. 9(12), pages 1-27, December.
    9. Wanêssa Tavares Campos Corsini & Fabio dos Santos Corsini & Marina Ariente Angelocci & Luciana de Paula Naves & Leandro Carlos Paiva & Adriano Bortolotti da Silva & Bruno Cesar Goes & Fernando Ferrar, 2021. "Technological Inclusion in Small Coffee Plantations in the South of the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil," Journal of Agricultural Studies, Macrothink Institute, vol. 9(2), pages 272-282, June.
    10. Phan Thi Thuy & Le Duc Niem & Thi Minh Hop Ho & Philippe Burny & Philippe Lebailly, 2018. "Economic Analysis of Perennial Crop Systems in Dak Lak Province, Vietnam," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(1), pages 1-14, December.
    11. Duyen Nhat Lam Tran & Tien Dinh Nguyen & Thuy Thu Pham & Roberto F. Rañola & Thinh An Nguyen, 2021. "Improving Irrigation Water Use Efficiency of Robusta Coffee ( Coffea canephora ) Production in Lam Dong Province, Vietnam," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-17, June.
    12. Jules Ngango & Seung Gyu Kim, 2019. "Assessment of Technical Efficiency and Its Potential Determinants among Small-Scale Coffee Farmers in Rwanda," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 9(7), pages 1-12, July.
    13. Ngoc Bao Tu Nguyen & Gu-Hong Lin & Thanh-Tuan Dang, 2021. "A Two Phase Integrated Fuzzy Decision-Making Framework for Green Supplier Selection in the Coffee Bean Supply Chain," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 9(16), pages 1-22, August.

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