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¿Dónde estamos en política industrial?

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  • Peres Núñez, Wilson

Abstract

Resulta paradójico que en los años ochenta, mientras la política industrial tendía a desaparecer como tema de reflexión académica y era relegada de la toma de decisiones en la mayoría de los países latinoamericanos, continuaba siendo la base de importantes acciones e instrumentos que se aplicaban en los países y regiones desarrollados y de reciente industrialización. Durante ese mismo período diversas insuficiencias y distorsiones gestadas en la dinámica industrial hicieron que al iniciarse el decenio de 1990 las perspectivas para ese campo de la política económica fuesen más positivas. La política industrial de este decenio será diferente a la que predominaba en períodos caracterizados por economías en gran medida cerradas, industrias no globalizadas y políticas estatales que se basaban principalmente en subsidios, en la inversión directa en empresas estatales y en la administración de la protección comercial. La sección I del artículo resalta un conjunto de hechos estilizados que muestra las principales características de la política industrial tradicional y los límites a los que ella se vio enfrentada. La sección II analiza algunas experiencias desarrolladas desde mediados de los años ochenta, y pone de relieve que el surgimiento de nuevos enfoques en América Latina, así como diversos elementos externos a la región, indica que la política industrial no puede ser excluida en la tarea de recuperar el crecimiento e integrar los países de la región a la economía mundial. Por último, la sección III presenta conclusiones que apuntan, por un lado, a poner de relieve algunos temas permanentes en el análisis de la política industrial y, por otro, a delinear diversas propuestas sobre la manera de encarar estos temas para formular una política más eficaz y, sobre todo, más eficiente que en el pasado.

Suggested Citation

  • Peres Núñez, Wilson, 1993. "¿Dónde estamos en política industrial?," Revista CEPAL, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), December.
  • Handle: RePEc:ecr:col070:11920
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    1. William S. Sessions, 1990. "Washington," Challenge, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 33(4), pages 57-59, July.
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