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The Effect of GDP Per Capita, Population, and Income Inequality on CO2 Emissions in Indonesia

Author

Listed:
  • Aripin Ahmad

    (University of Lampung, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia)

  • Heru Wahyudi

    (University of Lampung, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia)

  • Winda Riska Lestari

    (The Institute of Informatics and Business Darmajaya, Indonesia)

Abstract

This study aims to see the effect of GDP per capita, income inequality, and population on CO2 emissions in Indonesia from 1990-2021. This research uses a descriptive quantitative method. The data used is secondary data, in the form of annual data for 32 years. The analytical method used is the error correction model (ECM) to see the short- and long-term effects between the independent and dependent variables. The results of this study indicate that GDP per capita has a positive and significant effect on Indonesia, both in the short term and in the long term. The income inequality variable has a positive and insignificant effect on CO2 emissions in Indonesia in the short term. Meanwhile, in the long term, income inequality has a negative and insignificant effect on CO2 emissions in Indonesia. The population variable has an insignificant negative effect on CO2 emissions in Indonesia in the short term. However, in the long term, the population significantly affects CO2 emissions in Indonesia.

Suggested Citation

  • Aripin Ahmad & Heru Wahyudi & Winda Riska Lestari, 2024. "The Effect of GDP Per Capita, Population, and Income Inequality on CO2 Emissions in Indonesia," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 14(1), pages 365-370, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:eco:journ2:2024-01-38
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Magnani, Elisabetta, 2000. "The Environmental Kuznets Curve, environmental protection policy and income distribution," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 32(3), pages 431-443, March.
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    Cited by:

    1. Alpon Satrianto & Akmil Ikhsan & Khairunnisa Abd Samad, 2024. "Analysis of Renewable Energy, Environment Quality and Energy Consumption on Economic Growth: Evidence from Developing Countries," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 14(4), pages 57-65, July.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    CO2; GDP; Income Inequality; Population;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D63 - Microeconomics - - Welfare Economics - - - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
    • O10 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - General
    • P23 - Political Economy and Comparative Economic Systems - - Socialist and Transition Economies - - - Factor and Product Markets; Industry Studies; Population

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