IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eco/journ2/2023-06-53.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Causality of Bank Financial Performance, Green Bond, CSR, Green Financing Portfolio and CO2 Emissions in Transportation: Evidence from Indonesia

Author

Listed:
  • Muhtar Sapiri

    (Department of Accounting, Universitas Bosowa, Makassar, Indonesia,)

  • Aditya Halim Perdana Kusuma Putra

    (Department of Management, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Indonesia.)

Abstract

This study aims to identify the causality between bank financial performance measured by Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), Net Interest Margin (NIM), and Operating Expenses to Operating Income (BOPO) with Green Financing Portfolio and CO2 emissions in the transportation sector. This study uses descriptive quantitative research methods and content analysis of the Sustainability Report of Bank Mandiri, Indonesia for the period 2016 to 2022. In this study, we collected data from Bank Mandiri's financial statements which included information on ROA, ROE, NIM, and BOPO. In addition, we also collected CO2 emission data available from 2016 to 2022. The research sample is Bank Mandiri as one of the state-owned banks in Indonesia. We used purposive sampling technique to select samples that meet the inclusion criteria. The collected data was then analyzed using statistical methods to test the relationship between the variables involved, namely the bank's financial performance (ROA, ROE, NIM, and BOPO), Green Financing Portfolio, and CO2 emissions in the transportation sector. We use content analysis to illustrate the results of Bank Mandiri's financial statements in graphical form. The results of the analysis show that the increase in Green Bond that started in 2016 has a significant impact on the increase in fund allocation for Green Financing Portfolio. This indicates a positive causality between Green Bond and Green Financing Portfolio. In this context, the causality between Green Financing Portfolio and CO2 emissions can be explained through the influence of investment in green technology and sustainable practices. With significant funds allocated through the Green Financing Portfolio, companies and institutions can implement projects that aim to reduce CO2 emissions in the transportation sector. This means that the use of Green Bond as a sustainable funding source has the potential to reduce the negative impact of transportation on the environment.

Suggested Citation

  • Muhtar Sapiri & Aditya Halim Perdana Kusuma Putra, 2023. "Causality of Bank Financial Performance, Green Bond, CSR, Green Financing Portfolio and CO2 Emissions in Transportation: Evidence from Indonesia," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 13(6), pages 511-522, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:eco:journ2:2023-06-53
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.econjournals.com/index.php/ijeep/article/download/14936/7589
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.econjournals.com/index.php/ijeep/article/view/14936
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Ester Clementino & Richard Perkins, 2021. "How Do Companies Respond to Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) ratings? Evidence from Italy," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 171(2), pages 379-397, June.
    2. Abidah B. Setyowati, 2023. "Governing sustainable finance: insights from Indonesia," Climate Policy, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 23(1), pages 108-121, January.
    3. James X. Zhan & Amelia U. Santos-Paulino, 2021. "Investing in the Sustainable Development Goals: Mobilization, channeling, and impact," Journal of International Business Policy, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 4(1), pages 166-183, March.
    4. Gianpaolo Iazzolino & Maria Elena Bruni & Stefania Veltri & Donato Morea & Giovanni Baldissarro, 2023. "The impact of ESG factors on financial efficiency: An empirical analysis for the selection of sustainable firm portfolios," Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 30(4), pages 1917-1927, July.
    5. Ulrich Atz & Tracy Van Holt & Zongyuan Zoe Liu & Christopher C. Bruno, 2023. "Does sustainability generate better financial performance? review, meta-analysis, and propositions," Journal of Sustainable Finance & Investment, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 13(1), pages 802-825, January.
    6. Dikau, Simon & Volz, Ulrich, 2021. "Central bank mandates, sustainability objectives and the promotion of green finance," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 184(C).
    7. Patrick Schroeder & Kartika Anggraeni & Uwe Weber, 2019. "The Relevance of Circular Economy Practices to the Sustainable Development Goals," Journal of Industrial Ecology, Yale University, vol. 23(1), pages 77-95, February.
    8. Isaac Akomea-Frimpong & David Adeabah & Deborah Ofosu & Emmanuel Junior Tenakwah, 2022. "A review of studies on green finance of banks, research gaps and future directions," Journal of Sustainable Finance & Investment, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 12(4), pages 1241-1264, October.
    9. Guillermo Badía & Vicente Pina & Lourdes Torres, 2019. "Financial Performance of Government Bond Portfolios Based on Environmental, Social and Governance Criteria," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(9), pages 1-13, April.
    10. Pasquale Marcello Falcone, 2020. "Environmental regulation and green investments: the role of green finance," International Journal of Green Economics, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 14(2), pages 159-173.
    11. Wang, Jiaqi & Tian, Jiaxin & Kang, Yuxin & Guo, Kun, 2023. "Can green finance development abate carbon emissions: Evidence from China," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 88(C), pages 73-91.
    12. Tian, Jinfang & Yu, Longguang & Xue, Rui & Zhuang, Shan & Shan, Yuli, 2022. "Global low-carbon energy transition in the post-COVID-19 era," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 307(C).
    13. James Guild, 2020. "The political and institutional constraints on green finance in Indonesia," Journal of Sustainable Finance & Investment, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 10(2), pages 157-170, April.
    14. Tang, Chang & Xu, Yuanyuan & Hao, Yu & Wu, Haitao & Xue, Yan, 2021. "What is the role of telecommunications infrastructure construction in green technology innovation? A firm-level analysis for China," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 103(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Laden Mering, 2024. "Analysis of Green HRM, Green Value Strategic Improving CSR and Green Performance in Central Kalimantan HSL Palm Companies," International Review of Management and Marketing, Econjournals, vol. 14(3), pages 113-122, May.
    2. Dade Nurdiniah & Yusuf Pangestu, 2024. "Financial Performance of Banking in Indonesia: A Comparison Before and During the Covid-19 Pandemic," International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Econjournals, vol. 14(6), pages 1-9, October.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Zhang, Dongyang, 2023. "Does green finance really inhibit extreme hypocritical ESG risk? A greenwashing perspective exploration," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 121(C).
    2. Wang, Fanyi & Ma, Wanying & Mirza, Nawazish & Altuntaş, Mehmet, 2023. "Green financing, financial uncertainty, geopolitical risk, and oil prices volatility," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 83(C).
    3. Qadri, Hussain Mohi ud Din & Ali, Hassnian & Abideen, Zain ul & Jafar, Ahmad, 2024. "Mapping the Evolution of Green Finance Research and Development in Emerging Green Economies," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).
    4. Mertzanis, Charilaos, 2024. "Central bank policies and green bond issuance on a global scale," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 133(C).
    5. Nijah Akram & Muhammad Shahzad Gul & Muhammad Waqas Nazir & Fahad Asghar & Fahad Atta, 2023. "Unlocking Sustainable Horizons: Explaining The Role of Green Finance in Advancing Sustainable Construction Practices among Building Professionals," Journal of Economic Impact, Science Impact Publishers, vol. 5(3), pages 217-224.
    6. Li, Xuelian & Chen, Lingzhi & Lin, Jyh-Horng, 2023. "Cap-and-trade mechanisms, green technology investment, and shadow insurance in a black swan environment," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 124(C).
    7. Qun He & Aijun Sun & Yu Hua, 2024. "Can Financial Agglomeration Development Reduce Carbon Emissions? Evidence from the Yangtze River Delta Region of China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-22, February.
    8. Tao, Hu & Zhuang, Shan & Xue, Rui & Cao, Wei & Tian, Jinfang & Shan, Yuli, 2022. "Environmental Finance: An Interdisciplinary Review," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 179(C).
    9. Bei, Jinlan & Wang, Chunyu, 2023. "Renewable energy resources and sustainable development goals: Evidence based on green finance, clean energy and environmentally friendly investment," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 80(C).
    10. Bhatnagar, S. & Sharma, D., 2022. "Evolution of green finance and its enablers: A bibliometric analysis," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 162(C).
    11. Muhammad Awais Baloch & Danish, 2022. "CO2 emissions in BRICS countries: what role can environmental regulation and financial development play?," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 172(1), pages 1-14, May.
    12. Irfan, Muhammad & Razzaq, Asif & Sharif, Arshian & Yang, Xiaodong, 2022. "Influence mechanism between green finance and green innovation: Exploring regional policy intervention effects in China," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 182(C).
    13. Syed Shoaib Nazir & Taimur Ashiq & Mazhar Farid Chishti & Riffat Ullah & Athar Marwat, 2024. "Assessing Financial Stability through ESG: The Impact of Sustainable Finance on Commercial Banks listed in Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX)," Bulletin of Business and Economics (BBE), Research Foundation for Humanity (RFH), vol. 13(3), pages 120-129.
    14. Bauckloh, Tobias & Dobrick, Juris & Höck, André & Utz, Sebastian & Wagner, Marcus, 2024. "In partnership for the goals? The level of agreement between SDG ratings," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 217(C), pages 664-678.
    15. Akhtar, Shamim & Tian, Hongyun & Alsedrah, Ibrahim Tawfeeq & Anwar, Ahsan & Bashir, Shahid, 2024. "Green mining in China: Fintech's contribution to enhancing innovation performance aimed at sustainable and digital transformation in the mining sector," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 92(C).
    16. Joaquín Bernal-Ramírez & Jair Ojeda-Joya & Camila Agudelo-Rivera & Felipe Clavijo-Ramírez & Carolina Durana-Ángel & Clark Granger-Castaño & Daniel Osorio-Rodríguez & Daniel Parra-Amado & José Pulido &, 2022. "Impacto macroeconómico del cambio climático en Colombia," Revista ESPE - Ensayos sobre Política Económica, Banco de la Republica de Colombia, issue 102, pages 1-62, July.
    17. Pina Puntillo, 2023. "Circular economy business models: Towards achieving sustainable development goals in the waste management sector—Empirical evidence and theoretical implications," Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 30(2), pages 941-954, March.
    18. Hu, Hui & Qi, Shaozhou & Chen, Yuanzhi, 2023. "Using green technology for a better tomorrow: How enterprises and government utilize the carbon trading system and incentive policies," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 78(C).
    19. Muhammad Altaf & Wesam Salah Alaloul & Muhammad Ali Musarat & Abdul Hannan Qureshi, 2023. "Life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) of construction projects: sustainability perspective," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 25(11), pages 12071-12118, November.
    20. Laurence Scialom, 2020. "Pratiques et doctrine des banques centrales au défi du changement climatique : rupture ou continuité ?," EconomiX Working Papers 2020-7, University of Paris Nanterre, EconomiX.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Green Bond; Green Financing Portofolio; Financial Performance; CO2 Emision In Transportation;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • Q56 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Environment and Development; Environment and Trade; Sustainability; Environmental Accounts and Accounting; Environmental Equity; Population Growth
    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • G32 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Financing Policy; Financial Risk and Risk Management; Capital and Ownership Structure; Value of Firms; Goodwill
    • M14 - Business Administration and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting; Personnel Economics - - Business Administration - - - Corporate Culture; Diversity; Social Responsibility

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eco:journ2:2023-06-53. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Ilhan Ozturk (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.econjournals.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.