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The Effect of Gross Domestic Product and Population Growth on CO2 Emissions in Indonesia: An Application of the Ant Colony Optimisation Algorithm and Cobb-Douglas Model

Author

Listed:
  • Sukono Sukono

    (Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, 45363 Jatinangor, Indonesia.)

  • Wahyuddin Albra

    (Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Malikussaleh, 24351 Lhokseumawe, Aceh, Indonesia,)

  • T. Zulham

    (Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Syiah Kuala, 23111 Darussalam, Banda Aceh, Indonesia,)

  • Iskandarsyah Majid

    (School of Social and Economic Development, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia)

  • Jumadil Saputra

    (Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Malikussaleh, 24351 Lhokseumawe, Aceh, Indonesia,)

  • Betty Subartini

    (Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, 45363 Jatinangor, Indonesia.)

  • Friscila Thalia

    (Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, 45363 Jatinangor, Indonesia.)

Abstract

Gross domestic product (GDP) is one indicator for measuring a country s economic growth. However, the increase in GDP and population growth are affecting CO2 emissions. This study analyses the effects of GDP and population density on CO2 emissions in Indonesia. To this end, it used the CobbDouglas model, and parameter estimation using Ant Colony Optimisation algorithm. The analysis of the results reveals that GDP and population density influence CO2 emissions in Indonesia significantly, and significantly follows the Cobb-Douglas model with increasing return to scale characteristics. Thus, an increase in GDP and population density will lead to increased CO2 emissions in Indonesia.

Suggested Citation

  • Sukono Sukono & Wahyuddin Albra & T. Zulham & Iskandarsyah Majid & Jumadil Saputra & Betty Subartini & Friscila Thalia, 2019. "The Effect of Gross Domestic Product and Population Growth on CO2 Emissions in Indonesia: An Application of the Ant Colony Optimisation Algorithm and Cobb-Douglas Model," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 9(4), pages 313-319.
    • Handle: RePEc:eco:journ2:2019-04-39
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
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    5. Al Mamun, Md. & Sohag, Kazi & Hannan Mia, Md. Abdul & Salah Uddin, Gazi & Ozturk, Ilhan, 2014. "Regional differences in the dynamic linkage between CO2 emissions, sectoral output and economic growth," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 38(C), pages 1-11.
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    Cited by:

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    s Economic Growth; Gross Domestic Product; Population Growth; CO 2 Emission; Ant Colony Optimisation Algorithm; Cobb-Douglas model;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C61 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Mathematical Methods; Programming Models; Mathematical and Simulation Modeling - - - Optimization Techniques; Programming Models; Dynamic Analysis
    • O47 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity - - - Empirical Studies of Economic Growth; Aggregate Productivity; Cross-Country Output Convergence
    • O15 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Economic Development: Human Resources; Human Development; Income Distribution; Migration
    • Q53 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Air Pollution; Water Pollution; Noise; Hazardous Waste; Solid Waste; Recycling

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