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Human Resource Development, Structural Transformation, Employment Generation And Innovation: India, China, Japan And South Korea, 1990-2016

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  • Gulshan Farooq BHAT
  • Sandeep KAUR

Abstract

The speed at which the economy transforms is the crucial factor that determines the convergence or divergence of any country. In this connection, the present study aims to highlight the role of human development, productivity through innovation and structural transformation among the successful East Asian nations of China, Japan, South Korea and the Indian case for that of development. It is the vast gaps in productivity between the traditional agriculture sector and modern manufacturing sector responsible for the creating gaps among the successful East Asian nations and developing India. Such gaps may be minimized only through the investment in Human development, innovation, and technology. Increase in labor productivity will create jobs in the manufacturing sector, allow an increase in real labour incomes which is necessary for the poverty reduction and human development and crucial way of enhancing the standard of living as well. Furthermore, to improve the high tech exports, it is imperative to invest in skill development, technological advancement as done so far by the mentioned East Asian nations and is the sure way of enhancing productivity. India needs to foster its productivity measures for desirable structural change to create jobs through experimental and pragmatic policies as also claimed by Professor Dani Rodrik. The employment-oriented growth strategy is essential for harnessing the potential of demographic dividend in the growing working-age population of China and India. Furthermore creating jobs in small industries for which two-thirds of total employment in the Asia Pacific is vital for the inclusive growth especially in India.

Suggested Citation

  • Gulshan Farooq BHAT & Sandeep KAUR, 2019. "Human Resource Development, Structural Transformation, Employment Generation And Innovation: India, China, Japan And South Korea, 1990-2016," Applied Econometrics and International Development, Euro-American Association of Economic Development, vol. 19(1), pages 95-114.
    • Handle: RePEc:eaa:aeinde:v:19:y:2019:i:1_7
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Human Development; Innovation; Employment; Demographic Dividend; Structural Transformation.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • O15 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Economic Development: Human Resources; Human Development; Income Distribution; Migration
    • E24 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - Employment; Unemployment; Wages; Intergenerational Income Distribution; Aggregate Human Capital; Aggregate Labor Productivity
    • O32 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Management of Technological Innovation and R&D
    • J11 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Demographic Trends, Macroeconomic Effects, and Forecasts
    • L16 - Industrial Organization - - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance - - - Industrial Organization and Macroeconomics; Macroeconomic Industrial Structure

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