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Funktionaler Strukturwandel in der Industrie: Bedeutung produktionsnaher Dienste nimmt zu

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  • Alexander Eickelpasch

Abstract

There are fewer and fewer people employed in the German manufacturing sector. Between 1999 and 2013, the number of people working in the industry fell from 7.7 million to 7.3 million. However, not all areas have been equally affected by the decline, rather, there has been a functional restructuring within the industry: while fewer people are being employed in production, employment in many production-related services in the industrial sector, such as research and development (R&D), technical services, and management and organization functions have actually grown. Export-oriented industrial companies, in particular, have expanded their research and development divisions, but firms focusing on the internal market have also significantly increased their R&D activities. That the share of employment in production is falling does not necessarily mean that this area is becoming less important. On the contrary, the production area’s demands for a qualified, skilled labor force is high, in export-oriented as well as in sectors focusing on the internal market. The trend toward tertiarization in industry is likely to continue in the future, not least due to the increasing digitalization of information: routine activities will continue to become less important, demanding activities—also in production—will become more important. Immer weniger Menschen in Deutschland arbeiten im Industriesektor. Zwischen 1999 und 2013 ist die Zahl der Erwerbstätigen von 7,7 Millionen auf 7,3 Millionen gesunken. Nicht alle Unternehmensbereiche sind jedoch gleichmäßig vom Rückgang betroffen, vielmehr kommt es zu einem funktionalen Strukturwandel innerhalb der Industrie: In der Fertigung geht die Beschäftigung zurück, in den sogenannten produktionsnahen Diensten – also Forschung und Entwicklung (FuE), technische Dienste sowie Leitungs- und Organisationsfunktionen – nimmt sie zu. Besonders stark bauten die exportorientierten Industriebranchen ihren Forschungs- und Entwicklungsbereich aus, aber auch in binnenmarktorientierten Branchen legte FuE deutlich zu. Dass der Beschäftigungsanteil der Fertigung sinkt, heißt aber nicht zwangsläufig, dass dieser Bereich immer unwichtiger wird. Im Gegenteil: Die Ansprüche an die Qualifikation und Fähigkeiten der Arbeitskräfte in der Fertigung sind hoch, in den exportorientierten Branchen ebenso wie in den binnenmarktorientierten. Der Trend zur Tertiarisierung in der Industrie dürfte sich künftig fortsetzen, nicht zuletzt wegen der zunehmenden Digitalisierung von Informationen: Routineaktivitäten werden weiter an Bedeutung verlieren, anspruchsvolle Tätigkeiten – auch in der Fertigung – an Bedeutung gewinnen.

Suggested Citation

  • Alexander Eickelpasch, 2014. "Funktionaler Strukturwandel in der Industrie: Bedeutung produktionsnaher Dienste nimmt zu," DIW Wochenbericht, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, vol. 81(33), pages 759-770.
  • Handle: RePEc:diw:diwwob:81-33-1
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Lawitzky, Corinna & Weyh, Antje, 2020. "Facetten des wirtschaftlichen Strukturwandels in Sachsen," IAB-Regional. Berichte und Analysen aus dem Regionalen Forschungsnetz. IAB Sachsen 202002, Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), Nürnberg [Institute for Employment Research, Nuremberg, Germany].
    2. Nielen, Sebastian & Kay, Rosemarie & Schröder, Christian, 2017. "Disruptive Innovationen: Chancen und Risiken für den Mittelstand," IfM-Materialien 259, Institut für Mittelstandsforschung (IfM) Bonn.
    3. Brink, Siegrun & Nielen, Sebastian & May-Strobl, Eva, 2018. "Innovationstätigkeit des nicht-forschenden Mittelstands," IfM-Materialien 266, Institut für Mittelstandsforschung (IfM) Bonn.
    4. Oliver Arentz & Clemens Recker & Leonhard Münstermann & Steffen J. Roth, 2015. "Der Dienstleistungssektor in Deutschland: Überblick und Deregulierungspotenziale," Otto-Wolff-Institut Discussion Paper Series 01/2015, Otto-Wolff-Institut für Wirtschaftsordnung, Köln, Deutschland.
    5. Glückler Johannes & Schmidt Anna Mateja & Wuttke Christian, 2015. "Zwei Erzählungen regionaler Entwicklung in Süddeutschland – vom Sektorenmodell zum Produktionssystem," ZFW – Advances in Economic Geography, De Gruyter, vol. 59(3), pages 171-187, December.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Structural change; Manufacturing; Business services; R&D;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • L16 - Industrial Organization - - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance - - - Industrial Organization and Macroeconomics; Macroeconomic Industrial Structure
    • L60 - Industrial Organization - - Industry Studies: Manufacturing - - - General
    • L84 - Industrial Organization - - Industry Studies: Services - - - Personal, Professional, and Business Services
    • D23 - Microeconomics - - Production and Organizations - - - Organizational Behavior; Transaction Costs; Property Rights

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