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Jugendarbeitslosigkeit sinkt deutlich - regionale Unterschiede verstärken sich

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  • Karl Brenke

Abstract

Youth unemployment in Germany has fallen to its lowest level since German reunification. Between 2005 and 2012, unemployment among under 25 year olds has more than halved. By international standards, Germany is in an exceptionally good position. Nowhere in Europe is youth unemployment lower. However, this is not so much due to structural improvements or positive labor market growth than to demographic change: the drop in youth employment is primarily a result of the declining number of young people. In other European countries, even qualified young people have a hard time gaining a foothold in the labor market while in Germany, it is predominantly young people with no formal vocational training who are unable to find a job despite the relatively positive economic situation. It also appears that there is insufficient mobility on the German labor market. On the one hand, there is an abundance of apprenticeships in some regions. On the other hand, an increasing regional concentration of youth unemployment is evident. Particularly in old industrial regions of western Germany and in eastern Germany, the unemployment rate for young people is well above the national average. However, it is precisely in these regions that the proportion of young people dropping out of vocational training or leaving school without qualifications is particularly high. These young people run the risk of being permanently trapped in a precarious situation. Employment and training opportunities for young people in Berlin are particularly poor. Die Jugendarbeitslosigkeit in Deutschland sinkt auf den tiefsten Stand seit der Wiedervereinigung. Zwischen 2005 und 2012 hat sich die Zahl der Erwerbslosen unter 25 Jahren mehr als halbiert. Im internationalen Vergleich steht Deutschland damit hervorragend da. Nirgendwo in Europa ist die Jugendarbeitslosigkeit niedriger. Allerdings ist das weniger strukturellen Verbesserungen oder der günstigen Arbeitsmarktentwicklung zu verdanken als dem demographischen Wandel: Der Abbau der Jugendarbeitslosigkeit hängt vor allem mit der schrumpfenden Zahl Jugendlicher zusammen. In anderen europäischen Ländern haben es selbst qualifizierte Jugendliche schwer, auf dem Arbeitsmarkt Fuß zu fassen - in Deutschland sind es vor allem die Jugendlichen ohne Berufsausbildung, die trotz vergleichsweise guter konjunktureller Lage keinen Job finden. Auf dem deutschen Arbeitsmarkt gibt es zudem offenbar eine zu geringe Mobilität. Zum einen besteht in manchen Regionen ein mehr als ausreichendes Angebot an Lehrstellen. Zum anderen zeigt sich eine zunehmende regionale Konzentration bei der Jugendarbeitslosigkeit. Insbesondere in westdeutschen altindustriellen Gegenden sowie in Ostdeutschland liegt die Arbeitslosenquote der Jugendlichen weit über dem Durchschnitt. Gerade in solchen Regionen sind allerdings die Quote der Ausbildungsabbrecher und der Anteil der Schulabgänger ohne Hauptschulabschluss besonders hoch. Diese Jugendlichen laufen Gefahr, dauerhaft in einer prekären Lage verhaftet zu bleiben. Besonders schlecht sind die Beschäftigungschancen und betrieblichen Ausbildungsmöglichkeiten der Jugend in Berlin.

Suggested Citation

  • Karl Brenke, 2013. "Jugendarbeitslosigkeit sinkt deutlich - regionale Unterschiede verstärken sich," DIW Wochenbericht, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, vol. 80(19), pages 3-13.
  • Handle: RePEc:diw:diwwob:80-19-1
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    Cited by:

    1. Holger Seibert & Mirko Wesling, 2013. "Regionale Mobilität sächsischer Auszubildender: Die späten Folgen des Nachwendegeburtenknicks," ifo Dresden berichtet, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, vol. 20(05), pages 16-21, October.
    2. Zwick Thomas & Mohrenweiser Jens, 2015. "Youth Unemployment After Apprenticeship Training and Individual, Occupation, and Training Employer Characteristics," Journal of Economics and Statistics (Jahrbuecher fuer Nationaloekonomie und Statistik), De Gruyter, vol. 235(4-5), pages 418-432, August.
    3. Johann Bacher & Christina Koblbauer & Heinz Leitgöb & Dennis Tamesberger, 2017. "Small differences matter: how regional distinctions in educational and labour market policy account for heterogeneity in NEET rates," Journal for Labour Market Research, Springer;Institute for Employment Research/ Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), vol. 51(1), pages 1-20, December.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Youth unemployment in Germany;

    JEL classification:

    • J13 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Fertility; Family Planning; Child Care; Children; Youth
    • J60 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers - - - General
    • J61 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers - - - Geographic Labor Mobility; Immigrant Workers

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