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Das österreichische Lohnverhandlungssystem in der Teuerungskrise

Author

Listed:
  • Daniel Witzani-Haim
  • Markus Marterbauer

Abstract

The collective bargaining system represents a central element of Austrian economic policy and social partnership. Covering almost all employees, it aims to increase household purchasing power while maintaining the competitiveness of sectors. In this article we first introduce the institutions and actors of wage setting policies in Austria. We then demonstrate how the social partners played an indispensable role in achieving macroeconomic goals during the energy price shock of the 1970s by implementing a combination of (informal) price controls and wage moderation. During the energy price shock of the 2020s no comparable policy coordination took place. Inflation was higher than in other EU countries, and the Austrian government was unwilling to involve the social partners in economic policymaking and did not use targeted price controls (aside from an energy price brake). This presents a difficult dilemma for wage policies. In this context, we discuss the collective bargaining agreements of the autumn and spring wage setting rounds in 2022/23 and the initial conditions for the autumn wage setting round in 2023, while also outlining the possibilities for a resurgence of welfare oriented economic and wage policies. Das kollektivvertragliche Lohnverhandlungssystem, das für nahezu alle Beschäftigten gilt, stellt ein zentrales Steuerungselement der österreichischen Wirtschaftspolitik und der Sozialpartnerschaft dar. Es zielt auf die Erhöhung der Kaufkraft der Haushalte und den Erhalt der Wettbewerbsfähigkeit der Branchen ab. Wir stellen zunächst die Institutionen und Akteur:innen der Lohnpolitik vor. Dann zeigen wir, wie diese im Energiepreisschock der 1970er-Jahre einen unverzichtbaren Beitrag zur Erreichung der gesamtwirtschaftlichen Ziele leistete, indem ein Zusammenspiel aus (informellen) Preiskontrollen und Lohnmoderation umgesetzt wurde. Für den Energiepreisschock der 2020er-Jahre gilt dies nicht. Die Inflation war höher als in anderen EU Ländern, auch weil die österreichische Bundesregierung nicht bereit war, die Interessenvertretungen der Sozialpartnerschaft in die Wirtschaftspolitik einzubinden und (abgesehen von der Strompreisbremse) zielgerichtet in die Preise einzugreifen. Dies stellt die Lohnpolitik vor ein schwer zu lösendes Dilemma.Wir diskutieren in diesem Zusammenhang die Lohnabschlüsse der Herbst- und Frühjahrslohnrunde 2022/23 und die Ausgangsbedingungen für die Herbstlohnrunde 2023, skizzieren aber auch die Möglichkeiten einer Renaissance einer auf den gesellschaftlichen Wohlstand ausgerichteten Wirtschafts- und Lohnpolitik.

Suggested Citation

  • Daniel Witzani-Haim & Markus Marterbauer, 2023. "Das österreichische Lohnverhandlungssystem in der Teuerungskrise," Vierteljahrshefte zur Wirtschaftsforschung / Quarterly Journal of Economic Research, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, vol. 92(4), pages 121-140.
  • Handle: RePEc:diw:diwvjh:92-4-10
    DOI: 10.3790/vjh.2023.334393
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    Keywords

    collective bargaining; income policies; wage setting; inflation; Austria;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • J52 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Labor-Management Relations, Trade Unions, and Collective Bargaining - - - Dispute Resolution: Strikes, Arbitration, and Mediation
    • J51 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Labor-Management Relations, Trade Unions, and Collective Bargaining - - - Trade Unions: Objectives, Structure, and Effects
    • J52 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Labor-Management Relations, Trade Unions, and Collective Bargaining - - - Dispute Resolution: Strikes, Arbitration, and Mediation
    • E31 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles - - - Price Level; Inflation; Deflation
    • E61 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook - - - Policy Objectives; Policy Designs and Consistency; Policy Coordination
    • E64 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook - - - Incomes Policy; Price Policy

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