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More and More Students, Especially Those from Middle-Income Households, Are Using Private Tutoring

Author

Listed:
  • Adrian Hille
  • C. Katharina Spieß
  • Mila Staneva

Abstract

Private tutoring is playing an increasingly significant role in the education of many teenagers and children: In 2013, a total of 18 percent of students at the secondary level (approximately ages 10–17) worked with paid tutors; among students at the primary level (approximately ages 6–10), this figure stood at six percent. In the period between 2009 and 2013, an average of 47 percent of 17-year-old respondents indicated that they had received tutoring at least once in the course of their school careers—roughly 20 percentage points more than what had been reported around 15 years earlier, as the present calculations show. Although households with above-average incomes engaged the services of paid tutors the most frequently of any group, discrepancies in usage among the various socioeconomic groups have started to fade: An increasing number of students from families with below-average incomes are also working with tutors, though this share remains lower than those of other groups.

Suggested Citation

  • Adrian Hille & C. Katharina Spieß & Mila Staneva, 2016. "More and More Students, Especially Those from Middle-Income Households, Are Using Private Tutoring," DIW Economic Bulletin, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, vol. 6(6), pages 63-71.
    • Handle: RePEc:diw:diwdeb:2016-6-1
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    File URL: https://www.diw.de/documents/publikationen/73/diw_01.c.526668.de/diw_econ_bull_2016-06-1.pdf
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Guill, Karin & Lintorf, Katrin, 2019. "Private tutoring when stakes are high: Insights from the transition from primary to secondary school in Germany," International Journal of Educational Development, Elsevier, vol. 65(C), pages 172-182.
    2. Camarero Garcia, Sebastian, 2022. "Inequality of Educational Opportunities and the Role of Learning Intensity," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 74(C).
    3. Maria Zumbuehl & Stefanie Hof & Stefan C. Wolter, 2020. "Private tutoring and academic achievement in a selective education system," Economics of Education Working Paper Series 0169, University of Zurich, Department of Business Administration (IBW), revised Oct 2022.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Tutoring; education inequality; socio-economic differences; time trends;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • I24 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Education and Inequality
    • J13 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Fertility; Family Planning; Child Care; Children; Youth
    • J24 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity

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