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Europe and its Fertility: From Low to Lowest Low

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  • Billari, Francesco C.

Abstract

This paper documents the fundamental changes in family formation that took place in Europe during the last two decades of the twentieth century, as well as some possible explanations for these changes. First, European youth have postponed key demographic events, and the latest-late pattern of transition to adulthood emerged in the South. Second, lowest-low fertility emerged during the 1990s in the same area, spreading quickly to Central and Eastern Europe. Policies and economic trends, long-standing cultural factors and ideational change interact in shaping change and differences. Macro-level factors in turn interact with micro-level ones to shape outcomes. The new demographic regime of Europe is thus likely to persist.

Suggested Citation

  • Billari, Francesco C., 2005. "Europe and its Fertility: From Low to Lowest Low," National Institute Economic Review, National Institute of Economic and Social Research, vol. 194, pages 56-73, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:cup:nierev:v:194:y:2005:i::p:56-73_6
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    Cited by:

    1. Ni Ning & Jingfei Tang & Yizhou Huang & Xiangmin Tan & Qian Lin & Mei Sun, 2022. "Fertility Intention to Have a Third Child in China following the Three-Child Policy: A Cross-Sectional Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(22), pages 1-12, November.
    2. Xiumin Hong & Jingyuan Wang & Wenting Zhu, 2022. "The Relationship between Childcare Services Participation and Parental Subjective Well-Being under China’s Three-Child Policy—Based on the Mediation Effect of Parenting Stress," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(24), pages 1-18, December.

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