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Product Market Characteristics and the Choice between IPOs and Acquisitions

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  • Chemmanur, Thomas J.
  • He, Jie
  • He, Shan
  • Nandy, Debarshi

Abstract

Using unique U.S. Census data sets, we analyze how entrepreneurial firms’ product market characteristics affect their choice between going public, being acquired, or remaining private. Size, total factor productivity (TFP), sales growth, capital expenditure, market share, access to private funding, and human capital intensiveness significantly increase a private firm’s likelihood of an initial public offering (IPO) relative to an acquisition. Firms in industries with less information asymmetry and higher stock liquidity are more likely to choose an IPO over an acquisition. While TFP peaks around either form of exit, the rate of increase in TFP prior to acquisitions and the subsequent decrease is smaller than that around IPOs.

Suggested Citation

  • Chemmanur, Thomas J. & He, Jie & He, Shan & Nandy, Debarshi, 2018. "Product Market Characteristics and the Choice between IPOs and Acquisitions," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 53(2), pages 681-721, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:cup:jfinqa:v:53:y:2018:i:02:p:681-721_00
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    Cited by:

    1. Giang Nguyen & Hung Pham, 2024. "Venture capital and methods of payment in mergers and acquisitions," Post-Print hal-04325755, HAL.
    2. Elena Cefis & Cristina Bettinelli & Alex Coad & Orietta Marsili, 2022. "Understanding firm exit: a systematic literature review," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 59(2), pages 423-446, August.
    3. Sharma, Susan Sunila & Narayan, Paresh Kumar & Thuraisamy, Kannan & Laila, Nisful, 2019. "Is Indonesia's stock market different when it comes to predictability?," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 40(C), pages 1-1.
    4. Cumming, Douglas J. & Nguyen, Giang & Nguyen, My, 2022. "Product market competition, venture capital, and the success of entrepreneurial firms," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 144(C).
    5. Thomas Chemmanur & Jie (Jack) He & Xiao (Shaun) Ren & Tao Shu, 2020. "The Disappearing IPO Puzzle: New Insights from Proprietary U.S. Census Data on Private Firms," Working Papers 20-20, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau.
    6. Donald E. Bowen & Laurent Frésard & Gerard Hoberg, 2023. "Rapidly Evolving Technologies and Startup Exits," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 69(2), pages 940-967, February.
    7. George Chondrakis & Carlos J. Serrano & Rosemarie H. Ziedonis, 2021. "Information disclosure and the market for acquiring technology companies," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 42(5), pages 1024-1053, May.
    8. Hellmann, Thomas & Montag, Alexander & Tåg, Joacim, 2024. "Tolerating Losses for Growth: J-Curves in Venture Capital Investing," Working Paper Series 1500, Research Institute of Industrial Economics.
    9. Rainville, Megan & Unlu, Emre & Wu, Juan Julie, 2022. "How do stronger creditor rights impact corporate acquisition activity and quality?," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 144(C).
    10. Chemmanur, Thomas J. & Signori, Andrea & Vismara, Silvio, 2023. "The exit choices of European private firms: A dynamic empirical analysis," Journal of Financial Markets, Elsevier, vol. 65(C).
    11. Bibo Liu & Xuan Tian, 2022. "Do Venture Capital Investors Learn from Public Markets?," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 68(10), pages 7274-7297, October.
    12. Pešterac Aleksandra, 2020. "The Importance of Initial Public Offering for Capital Market Development in Developing Countries," Economic Themes, Sciendo, vol. 58(1), pages 97-115, March.
    13. Hidaya Othmani, 2021. "Does board gender diversity matter in the banking sector? Evidence from Tunisia," African Development Review, African Development Bank, vol. 33(1), pages 14-24, March.
    14. Cao, Zhangfan & Chen, Steven Xianglong & Lee, Edward, 2022. "Does business strategy influence interfirm financing? Evidence from trade credit," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 495-511.
    15. Wan, Die & Yang, Teng & Yang, Xiaoguang, 2021. "IPO relative difficulty, M&A option and size effect," Journal of Asian Economics, Elsevier, vol. 76(C).
    16. Onur Bayar & Yini Liu & Juan Mao, 2021. "How reverse merger firms raise capital in PIPEs: search costs and placement agent reputation," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 56(1), pages 143-184, January.
    17. Bayar, Onur & Das, Sougata & Kesici, Emre, 2021. "Heterogeneity in the information content of 8-K disclosures about private targets: Acquirer size and target significance," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 48(C).
    18. Takashi Yoshida, 2021. "The benefit of being public: Evidence from survival analysis of corporate financing," Journal of Financial Research, Southern Finance Association;Southwestern Finance Association, vol. 44(4), pages 839-874, December.

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