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CEO Tournaments: A Cross-Country Analysis of Causes, Cultural Influences, and Consequences

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  • Burns, Natasha
  • Minnick, Kristina
  • Starks, Laura

Abstract

Using a cross-country sample, we examine the chief executive officer (CEO) tournament structure (measured alternatively as the ratio and the difference of pay between the CEO and other top executives within a firm). We find the tournament structure to vary systematically with firm and country cultural characteristics. In particular, firm size and the cultural values of power distance, fair income differences, and competition are significantly associated with variations in tournament structures. We also establish support for the primary implication of tournament theory in that tournament structure tends to be positively related to firm value, even after controlling for endogeneity.

Suggested Citation

  • Burns, Natasha & Minnick, Kristina & Starks, Laura, 2017. "CEO Tournaments: A Cross-Country Analysis of Causes, Cultural Influences, and Consequences," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 52(2), pages 519-551, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:cup:jfinqa:v:52:y:2017:i:02:p:519-551_00
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    Cited by:

    1. Huang, Hung-Yi & Yan, Cheng & Ho, Kung-Cheng, 2022. "Does managerial compensation influence price efficiency?," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 74(C).
    2. Xiaping Cao & Michael Lemmon & Xiaofei Pan & Meijun Qian & Gary Tian, 2019. "Political Promotion, CEO Incentives, and the Relationship Between Pay and Performance," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 65(7), pages 2947-2965, July.
    3. Chung, Richard Yiu-Ming & DeVaro, Jed & Fung, Scott, 2024. "Do Big Inequalities in Executive Pay Hurt Firm Performance?," IZA Discussion Papers 17346, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    4. Onal, Bunyamin & Petmezas, Dimitris & Xiong, Nan, 2022. "Societal equality sentiment and executive compensation," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 77(C).
    5. Peter Cziraki & Dirk Jenter, 2021. "The Market for CEOs," CESifo Working Paper Series 9143, CESifo.
    6. Sun, Sophia Li & Habib, Ahsan, 2020. "Determinants and consequences of tournament incentives: A survey of the literature in accounting and finance," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 54(C).
    7. Colak, Gonul & Gounopoulos, Dimitrios & Loukopoulos, Panagiotis & Loukopoulos, Georgios, 2021. "Tournament incentives and IPO failure risk," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 130(C).
    8. Dodd, Olga & Frijns, Bart & Garel, Alexandre, 2022. "Cultural diversity among directors and corporate social responsibility," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 83(C).
    9. Karpoff, Jonathan M., 2021. "The future of financial fraud," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 66(C).
    10. Zhang, Kun & Yang, Xiaolan & Gao, Mei, 2023. "When to use tournament incentives? Evidence from an investment experiment," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, Elsevier, vol. 37(C).
    11. Quentin Dupont & Jonathan M. Karpoff, 2020. "The Trust Triangle: Laws, Reputation, and Culture in Empirical Finance Research," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 163(2), pages 217-238, May.
    12. Talavera, Oleksandr & Yin, Shuxing & Zhang, Mao, 2021. "Tournament incentives, age diversity and firm performance," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 139-162.
    13. Mahmoud Gad & Trang Nguyen & Mariano Scapin, 2023. "The effect of pay disparities within top management on conservative reporting," Accounting and Business Research, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 53(4), pages 478-504, June.
    14. Hossain, Ashrafee Tanvir & Hossain, Takdir & Kryzanowski, Lawrence, 2021. "Political corruption and corporate payouts," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 123(C).
    15. Lina Mao & Guangfan Sun & Yining He & Shanshan Zheng & Changwei Guo, 2024. "Regional cultural inclusiveness and firm performance in China," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 11(1), pages 1-14, December.
    16. Boubaker, Sabri & Hasan, Mostafa Monzur & Habib, Ahsan, 2022. "Organization capital, tournament incentives and firm performance," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 46(PB).
    17. DeVaro, Jed & Fung, Scott, 2024. "The Importance of Luck in Executive Promotion Tournaments: Theory and Evidence," IZA Discussion Papers 17327, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    18. Lingfei Kong & Gunratan Lonare & Ahmet Nart, 2022. "Industry tournament incentives and corporate innovation strategies," Journal of Financial Research, Southern Finance Association;Southwestern Finance Association, vol. 45(1), pages 124-161, March.
    19. Xianjun Cai & Huifeng Pan & Chengcheng Gao & Chunyang Wang & Liping Lu, 2021. "Top executive tournament incentives and corporate innovation output," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 61(5), pages 5893-5924, December.
    20. Sun, Sophia Li & Habib, Ahsan & Huang, Hedy Jiaying, 2019. "Tournament incentives and stock price crash risk: Evidence from China," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 93-117.
    21. Nguyen, Nam H. & Phan, Hieu V. & Phan, Hung V. & Tran, Dung T.T. & Vo, Hong, 2020. "Tournament-based incentives and mergers and acquisitions," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 71(C).
    22. Irfah Najihah Basir Malan & Lyu Yingkun & Halim Shukri Kamaruddin, 2023. "A Systematic Review on the Executive Compensation Gap and Its Multiple Impacts on the Company," Information Management and Business Review, AMH International, vol. 15(4), pages 284-298.

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