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Convergence or Decline on Europe's Southeastern Periphery? Agriculture, Population, and GNP in Bulgaria, 1892–1945

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  • Ivanov, Martin
  • Tooze, Adam

Abstract

The literature currently offers no consistent narrative about economic development on Europe's southeastern periphery prior to 1945. Did per capita GNP in the Balkans converge with the rest of Europe? We present new GNP estimates for Bulgaria for 1892–1911 and link these with a new degree of precision to the data available for the 1920s. Our data reveal stagnation in per capita GNP from 1879 to the 1930s. But within agriculture we find evidence for a new phase of intensification from the 1920s onwards. The preconditions for growth, sometimes attributed to Communism, were in place well before 1945.

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  • Ivanov, Martin & Tooze, Adam, 2007. "Convergence or Decline on Europe's Southeastern Periphery? Agriculture, Population, and GNP in Bulgaria, 1892–1945," The Journal of Economic History, Cambridge University Press, vol. 67(3), pages 672-703, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:cup:jechis:v:67:y:2007:i:03:p:672-703_00
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Kiril Danailov Kossev, 2008. "The Banking Sector and the Great Depression in Bulgaria, 1924 - 1938: Interlocking and Financial Sector Profitability," Working Papers 76, Bank of Greece.
    2. Matthias Morys & Martin Ivanov, 2015. "The emergence of a European region: business cycles in South-East Europe from political independence to World War II," European Review of Economic History, European Historical Economics Society, vol. 19(4), pages 382-411.
    3. Nikolay Nenovsky, 2010. "The Bulgarian Economic Thought since 1989: A Personal View," ICER Working Papers 21-2010, ICER - International Centre for Economic Research.
    4. Mathias Morrys & Martin Ivanov, 2023. "For the Ever More Complete Satisfaction of Workers’ Needs: The Standard of Living in Bulgaria during the Communist Period," Proceedings of the Centre for Economic History Research, Centre for Economic History Research, vol. 8, pages 197-208, November.
    5. Matthias Morys & Martin Ivanov, 2024. "Did living standards actually improve under state socialism? Real wages in Bulgaria, 1924-1989," Working Papers 0267, European Historical Economics Society (EHES).
    6. Boško Mijatović & Milan Zavadjil, 2023. "Serbia on the path to modern economic growth," Economic History Review, Economic History Society, vol. 76(1), pages 199-220, February.
    7. Albers, Thilo & Uebele, Martin, 2015. "The global impact of the great depression," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 64491, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    8. Kalina Dimitrova & Martin Ivanov & Ralitsa Simeonova-Ganeva, 2009. "Effective exchange rates of the Bulgarian Lev 1879-1939," ICER Working Papers 04-2009, ICER - International Centre for Economic Research.
    9. Aleksandar Shivarov, 2017. "Foreign Trade of Bulgaria during the First Half of the 20th Century: Development and Adaptation," Proceedings of the Centre for Economic History Research, Centre for Economic History Research, vol. 2, pages 115-128, November.
    10. Adam Tooze & Martin Ivanov, 2011. "Disciplining the ‘black sheep of the Balkans’: financial supervision and sovereignty in Bulgaria, 1902–38," Economic History Review, Economic History Society, vol. 64(1), pages 30-51, February.

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