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Measurement of environmental efficiency and productivity: a cross-country analysis

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  • KUMAR, SURENDER
  • KHANNA, MADHU

Abstract

This paper measures environmental efficiency (EE) and environmental productivity (EP) in 38 countries over the period 1971–92 and analyzes differences in these across countries. It explores several macro-economic factors that could explain these differences, such as income levels and the degree of openness in these countries. The average EE and EP indexes are found to be almost steady over the period 1971–92. In the annex-I countries, an increase in income levels initially leads to an increase in the average EE but subsequently to a decline in EE. In non-annex I countries, EE is increasing over the range of income in these countries. This study also finds an EKC type relationship between EP and per capita GDP in annex-I countries. The degree of openness has a significant positive impact on EE in annex-I countries.

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  • Kumar, Surender & Khanna, Madhu, 2009. "Measurement of environmental efficiency and productivity: a cross-country analysis," Environment and Development Economics, Cambridge University Press, vol. 14(4), pages 473-495, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:cup:endeec:v:14:y:2009:i:04:p:473-495_00
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    5. Stergiou, Eirini, 2022. "Environmental Efficiency of European Industries across Sectors and Countries," MPRA Paper 114635, University Library of Munich, Germany.
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    14. Masayuki Shimizu, 2022. "Effects of pollution abatement activities on environmental efficiency and productivity: Empirical evidence from the Chinese industrial sector," Review of Development Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 26(1), pages 484-509, February.
    15. Kounetas, Kostas & Zervopoulos, Panagiotis, 2017. "Annex I and non-Annex I countries’productive performance revisited using a generalized directional distance function under a metafrontier framework: Is there any convergence-divergence pattern for tec," MPRA Paper 80904, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    16. Masayuki Shimizu & Oscar Tiku, 2023. "Evaluation of environmental energy efficiency and its influencing factors: a prefecture-level analysis of Japanese manufacturing industries," Journal of Economic Structures, Springer;Pan-Pacific Association of Input-Output Studies (PAPAIOS), vol. 12(1), pages 1-26, December.
    17. Wen-Chi Yang & Wen-Min Lu & Alagu Perumal Ramasamy, 2021. "International Environmental Efficiency Trends and the Impact of the Paris Agreement," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-16, July.
    18. Yu-Ying Lin, Eugene & Chen, Ping-Yu & Chen, Chi-Chung, 2013. "Measuring green productivity of country: A generlized metafrontier Malmquist productivity index approach," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 340-353.
    19. Juan Aparicio & Javier Barbero & Magdalena Kapelko & Jesus T. Pastor & Jose L. Zofio, 2016. "Environmental Productivity Change in World Air Emissions: A new Malmquist-Luenberger Index Approach," JRC Research Reports JRC104083, Joint Research Centre.
    20. Li, Mingquan & Wang, Qi, 2014. "International environmental efficiency differences and their determinants," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 411-420.
    21. George Halkos & Nickolaos Tzeremes, 2014. "Measuring the effect of Kyoto protocol agreement on countries’ environmental efficiency in CO 2 emissions: an application of conditional full frontiers," Journal of Productivity Analysis, Springer, vol. 41(3), pages 367-382, June.
    22. Kounetas, Konstantinos & Zervopoulos, Panagiotis D., 2019. "A cross-country evaluation of environmental performance: Is there a convergence-divergence pattern in technology gaps?," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 273(3), pages 1136-1148.
    23. Wen-Chi Yang & Wen-Min Lu, 2023. "Achieving Net Zero—An Illustration of Carbon Emissions Reduction with A New Meta-Inverse DEA Approach," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(5), pages 1-20, February.

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