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Killing in the Slums: Social Order, Criminal Governance, and Police Violence in Rio de Janeiro

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  • MAGALONI, BEATRIZ
  • FRANCO-VIVANCO, EDGAR
  • MELO, VANESSA

Abstract

State interventions against organized criminal groups (OCGs) sometimes work to improve security, but often exacerbate violence. To understand why, this article offers a theory about criminal governance in five types of criminal regimes—Insurgent, Bandit, Symbiotic, Predatory, and Split. These differ according to whether criminal groups confront or collude with state actors, abuse or cooperate with the community, and hold a monopoly or contest territory with rival OCGs. Police interventions in these criminal regimes pose different challenges and are associated with markedly different local security outcomes. We provide evidence of this theory by using a multimethod research design combining quasi-experimental statistical analyses, automated text analysis, extensive qualitative research, and a large-N survey in the context of Rio de Janeiro’s “Pacifying Police Units” (UPPs), which sought to reclaim control of the favelas from criminal organizations.

Suggested Citation

  • Magaloni, Beatriz & Franco-Vivanco, Edgar & Melo, Vanessa, 2020. "Killing in the Slums: Social Order, Criminal Governance, and Police Violence in Rio de Janeiro," American Political Science Review, Cambridge University Press, vol. 114(2), pages 552-572, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:cup:apsrev:v:114:y:2020:i:2:p:552-572_17
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    Cited by:

    1. Blattman, Christopher & Lessing, Benjamin & Tobon, Santiago & Duncan, Gustavo, 2021. "Gang rule: Understanding and Countering Criminal Governance," SocArXiv 5nyqs, Center for Open Science.
    2. Daniel Mejía & Ervyn Norza & Santiago Tobón & Martín Vanegas-Arias, 2022. "Broken windows policing and crime: Evidence from 80 Colombian cities," Chapters, in: Paolo Buonanno & Paolo Vanin & Juan Vargas (ed.), A Modern Guide to the Economics of Crime, chapter 4, pages 55-87, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    3. Deepen, Yannick & Kurtenbach, Sabine, 2023. "Coping with complexity: Dealing with non-state armed actors," GIGA Working Papers 337, GIGA German Institute of Global and Area Studies.
    4. Angulo Amaya, Maria Camila, 2024. "Criminal governance and public resources: The case of paramilitaries and health care provision in Colombia," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 179(C).
    5. Albert Chiu & Xingchen Lan & Ziyi Liu & Yiqing Xu, 2023. "Causal Panel Analysis under Parallel Trends: Lessons from A Large Reanalysis Study," Papers 2309.15983, arXiv.org, revised Nov 2024.
    6. Neu, Dean, 2023. "Fragile assets: Street gangs and the extortion business," CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ON ACCOUNTING, Elsevier, vol. 95(C).
    7. Omar García-Ponce & Lauren E Young & Thomas Zeitzoff, 2023. "Anger and support for retribution in Mexico’s drug war," Journal of Peace Research, Peace Research Institute Oslo, vol. 60(2), pages 274-290, March.
    8. Pierfrancesco Rolla & Patricia Justino, 2022. "The social consequences of organized crime in Italy," WIDER Working Paper Series wp-2022-106, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
    9. Blume, Laura Ross, 2021. "Narco Robin Hoods: Community support for illicit economies and violence in rural Central America," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 143(C).
    10. Trudeau, Jessie, 2022. "Limiting aggressive policing can reduce police and civilian violence," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 160(C).
    11. Raphael Bruce & Alexsandros Cavgias & Luis Meloni, 2022. "Policy Enforcement in the Presence of Organized Crime: Evidence from Rio de Janeiro," Working Papers, Department of Economics 2022_22, University of São Paulo (FEA-USP).
    12. Anna-Katharina Lenz & Martin Valdivia, 2023. "Nudging microentrepreneurs under fire: Experimental evidence from favelas in Rio de Janeiro," Working Papers 194, Peruvian Economic Association.
    13. Cavgias, Alexsandros & Bruce, Raphael & Meloni, Luis, 2023. "Policy enforcement in the presence of organized crime: Evidence from Rio de Janeiro," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 162(C).
    14. Anastasia N. Nadunja & Tunde Ahmed Afolabi, 2024. "Investigating the Impact of Border Security Measures in Mitigating Smuggling: A Case Study of the Namibia-Angola Border," Journal of Scientific Reports, IJSAB International, vol. 7(1), pages 40-59.
    15. Gizelis, Theodora-Ismene & Karim, Sabrina M., 2024. "How epidemics affect marginalized communities in war-torn countries: Ebola, securitization, and public opinion about the security forces in Liberia," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 179(C).

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