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Reaganomics: una línea divisoria

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  • John Komlos

Abstract

Documentamos el impacto de la Reaganomics y su legado de largo plazo. Los datos indican que el crecimiento económico no fue particularmente impresionante después de los recortes de impuestos de 1981. El PIB simplemente retornó al potencial y su tasa de crecimiento no fue superior a las tasas logradas en décadas anteriores o posteriores. Los supuestos incentivos de la economía de la oferta no se materializaron. La gente no trabajó más, no ahorró ni invirtió más, y el efecto de goteo fue insignificante, como el de la melaza. En cambio, la presidencia de Reagan fue una línea divisoria en el desarrollo económico de Estados Unidos en el sentido de que revirtió muchos de los logros del New Deal e inauguró una era en la que la desigualdad aumentó sustancialmente, los salarios de los trabajadores poco calificados iniciaron un largo periodo de descenso y la participación del trabajo en el PIB siguió disminuyendo. El legado de Reagan es una economía dual que acompanó al deterioro de la clase media, la desregulación que llevó a la crisis financiera, un enorme incremento de la deuda nacional, del 30% al 50% del pib, que no pudo ser detenido posteriormente y es superior al 100% en 2018, el antiestatismo que contribuyó al ascenso del trumpismo, un desmesurado aumento de la desigualdad que dio origen a una oligarquía y a una plutocracia, y el abandono de los trabajadores de overol que eventualmente se convirtieron en los deplorables de Hillary. En otras palabras, nada goteó hacia las mayorías. Los ricos y los súper ricos recibieron todos los beneficios de los recortes de impuestos. Este es el verdadero legado de la economía de la oferta de la administración Reagan.

Suggested Citation

  • John Komlos, 2019. "Reaganomics: una línea divisoria," Tiempo y Economía, Universidad de Bogotá Jorge Tadeo Lozano, vol. 6(1), pages 47-76, February.
  • Handle: RePEc:col:000485:017225
    DOI: 10.21789/24222704.1409
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Reaganomics; macroeconomía; política económica; USA; historia económica;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E65 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook - - - Studies of Particular Policy Episodes
    • O51 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economywide Country Studies - - - U.S.; Canada

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