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Las "encuestas arancelarias" y la apertura económica

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  • Eduardo Lora

Abstract

“El pasado 11 de mayo se cerró la primera "encuesta arancelaria" para bienes de la industria automotriz y artículos eléctricos de consumo, relojería y joyería. Según lo ha explicado el gobierno, el propósito de este novedoso mecanismo es determinar el arancel que están dispuestos a pagar los importadores privados para traer al país algunos productos que no se venían importando por proteger a la industria nacional. De acuerdo con la filosofía de la apertura económica, estas nuevas importaciones son deseables con el fin de estimular la eficiencia y las reducciones de costos en las producciones nacionales hasta ahora protegidas. Se optó por las "encuestas" como un mecanismo que asemejara el funcionamiento del mercado, en vez de la alternativa de asignar licencias por unos montos limitados, con el fin de evitar, además, que los beneficiarios obtuvieran rentas extraordinarias cuya sola existencia estimularía la corrupción administrativa en el sector público y el desperdicio de esfuerzos en el sector privado. El propósito de este informe es discutir los principios de funcionamiento y senalar algunos de los riesgos y limitaciones de las "encuestas arancelarias". En la sección II se enmarca este mecanismo dentro de la nueva política de apertura económica. En la sección III se describe en el funcionamiento de las encuestas y la forma como se utilizarán para determinar los aranceles de los bienes seleccionados. La sección IV plantea interrogantes sobre los efectos que producirá este mecanismo y senala sus principales debilidades. El informe concluye con algunas sugerencias para el proceso de apertura futuro.”

Suggested Citation

  • Eduardo Lora, 1990. "Las "encuestas arancelarias" y la apertura económica," Coyuntura Económica, Fedesarrollo, vol. 20(2), pages 59-70, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:col:000438:013758
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Eduardo Lora, 1986. "Lecciones de la experiencia brasilena de fomento a las exportaciones," Coyuntura Económica, Fedesarrollo, vol. 16(1), pages 139-154, March.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Apertura Económica; Aranceles; Encuestas; Comercio Exterior; Liberalización del Intercambio; Política Comercial Internacional; Importaciones; Reestructuración Industrial;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C83 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology; Computer Programs - - - Survey Methods; Sampling Methods
    • F10 - International Economics - - Trade - - - General
    • F13 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations
    • O24 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Development Planning and Policy - - - Trade Policy; Factor Movement; Foreign Exchange Policy

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