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Apertura comercial y diferencial salarial en Chile

Author

Listed:
  • Patricio Meller
  • Andrea Tokman

Abstract

“En este trabajo se examina el efecto que ha tenido la apertura comercial chilena sobre el diferencial salarial empleado/obrero del sector manufacturero chileno. El artículo se organiza de la siguiente manera: En la primera sección se describen las teorías de comercio que explican la posible relación entre comercio y diferencial salarial. En la segunda y tercera sección se examinan los cambios observados en el diferencial salarial en el sector manufacturero chileno para el período 968-92. Utilizando distintos quiebres temporales, correspondientes a los diferentes procesos de apertura comercial, se examinan los cambios que experimenta la variable previamente mencionada. En la sección dos, el análisis es de una naturaleza descriptiva; en cambio, la sección tres tiene un enfoque más analítico. Los resultados obtenidos son: a) Al comparar el período preapertura comercial (antes de 1974) y el período post apertura, se aprecia lo siguiente: Hay un importante incremento en el diferencial salarial empleado-obrero. b) En el período post apertura (post-1974) y particularmente en el período de expansión exportadora se aprecia que el diferencial salarial empleado-obrero del sector exportador manufacturero es claramente superior a aquel del sector manufacturero competitivo con importaciones. c) El cambio observado en el diferencial salarial y en la intensidad de uso de los trabajadores puede deberse no sólo a cambios en la demanda relativa de trabajadores calificados y no calificados, sino también a aumentos en su oferta relativa; este es un fenómeno que estará presente y que se infiere del tipo de resultados obtenidos. d) En forma similar a lo observado en otros estudios, no hay evidencia robusta del efecto del mecanismo de cambio de precios relativos sobre el diferencial salarial.”

Suggested Citation

  • Patricio Meller & Andrea Tokman, 1996. "Apertura comercial y diferencial salarial en Chile," Coyuntura Económica, Fedesarrollo, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:col:000438:013558
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    File URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11445/2191
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Anne O. Krueger, 1983. "Trade and Employment in Developing Countries, Volume 3: Synthesis and Conclusions," NBER Books, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number krue83-1.
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    4. Meller, Patricio, 1993. "Economía política de la apertura comercial chilena," Series Históricas 9391, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL).
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    7. Vittorio Corbo & Patricio Meller, 1982. "The Substitution of Labor, Skill, and Capital: Its Implications for Trade and Employment," NBER Chapters, in: Trade and Employment in Developing Countries, Volume 2: Factor Supply and Substitution, pages 193-214, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    8. Anne O. Krueger, 1983. "Trade and Employment in Less Developed Countries: The Questions," NBER Chapters, in: Trade and Employment in Developing Countries, Volume 3: Synthesis and Conclusions, pages 1-9, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    9. Anne O. Krueger, 1978. "Foreign Trade Regimes and Economic Development: Liberalization Attempts and Consequences," NBER Books, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number krue78-1.
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    Cited by:

    1. Beyer, Harald & Rojas, Patricio & Vergara, Rodrigo, 1999. "Trade liberalization and wage inequality," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 59(1), pages 103-123, June.
    2. Bussolo, Maurizio & Mizala, Alejandra & Romaguera, Pilar, 2002. "Beyond Heckscher-Ohlin: trade and labour market interactions in a case study for Chile," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 24(7-8), pages 639-666, November.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Informes de Investigación; Apertura Comercial; Salarios; Comercio; Industria; Reforma Estructural; Apertura Económica; Empleo; Chile;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F10 - International Economics - - Trade - - - General
    • O24 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Development Planning and Policy - - - Trade Policy; Factor Movement; Foreign Exchange Policy
    • F13 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations
    • E24 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - Employment; Unemployment; Wages; Intergenerational Income Distribution; Aggregate Human Capital; Aggregate Labor Productivity
    • J30 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - - - General
    • P23 - Political Economy and Comparative Economic Systems - - Socialist and Transition Economies - - - Factor and Product Markets; Industry Studies; Population
    • J20 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - General

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