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Pymes manufactureras exportadoras en Colombia: un análisis de su actividad real

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  • Mesa Parra, Fernando
  • Torres Salamanca, Raúl

Abstract

Resumen: Este artículo evalúa por qué algunas pequenas y medianas empresas, o pymes, exportan y otras no, incluso cuando enfrentan situaciones macroeconómicas y de política comercial similares. Con este fin, se analizan estadísticamente las diferencias entre las pymes que son exportadoras y las que no lo son durante el período 2000-2012. El análisis permite confirmar la modesta orientación de la estructura industrial colombiana hacia los mercados internacionales. Las pymes que exportaron crecieron más en su producción industrial que las no exportadoras; además, exhibieron los mayores tamanos en capital y número total de ocupados. Se verifica así mismo la hipótesis sobre preselección de las pymes para exportar según niveles de productividad laboral. De igual manera, las empresas que registraron los mayores niveles de productividad presentaron las más altas probabilidades de exportar, aunque dicha probabilidad registró una tendencia decreciente en el período analizado. La probabilidad de exportar también se vio afectada positivamente por aquellas empresas que lo hicieron en el pasado. Abstract: This paper examines why some small and medium enterprises, or SMEs, export while others do not, even when they face similar macroeconomic and trade policy situations. With this aim, the difference between SMEs that are exporters and those that are notduring the period 2000-2012 is analysed statistically. The analysis confirms the modest orientation of Colombia’s industrial structure towardsinternational markets. The SMEs that exported grew more in terms of industrial production than the non-exporting ones; in addition, theyexhibited the greatest levels of capital and total number of employees. The hypothesis on pre-selection of SMEs to export according to labourproductivity levels is also verified. Likewise, the companies that recorded the highest levels of productivity also presented the highest probabilities of exporting, although this probability registered a decreasing trend in the period analysed. The probability to export was also affected positively by those firms that did it in the past

Suggested Citation

  • Mesa Parra, Fernando & Torres Salamanca, Raúl, 2019. "Pymes manufactureras exportadoras en Colombia: un análisis de su actividad real," Revista Lecturas de Economía, Universidad de Antioquia, CIE, issue 90, pages 127-157, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:col:000174:017442
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Modelos de comercio con competencia imperfecta; economías de escala; estudios empíricos sobre comercio; empresas heterogéneas;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F10 - International Economics - - Trade - - - General
    • F12 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Models of Trade with Imperfect Competition and Scale Economies; Fragmentation
    • F14 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Empirical Studies of Trade

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