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Method Factors in Democracy Indicators

Author

Listed:
  • Martin Elff

    (Faculty of Political & Social Sciences, Zeppelin University, Germany)

  • Sebastian Ziaja

    (Research Center for Distributional Conflict and Globalization, Heidelberg University, Germany)

Abstract

Method factors represent variance common to indicators from the same data source. Detecting method factors can help uncover systematic bias in data sources. This article employs confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to detect method factors in 23 democracy indicators from four popular data sources: The Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU), Freedom House, Polity IV, and the Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) project. Using three different multi-dimensional concepts of democracy as starting points, we find strong evidence for method factors in all sources. Method-specific factors are strongest when yearly changes in the scores are assessed. The sources find it easier to agree on long-term average scores. We discuss the implications for applied researchers.

Suggested Citation

  • Martin Elff & Sebastian Ziaja, 2018. "Method Factors in Democracy Indicators," Politics and Governance, Cogitatio Press, vol. 6(1), pages 92-104.
    • Handle: RePEc:cog:poango:v6:y:2018:i:1:p:92-104
    DOI: 10.17645/pag.v6i1.1235
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