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Streiks im öffentlichen Nahverkehr: Negative Folgen für Verkehr, Umwelt und Gesundheit

Author

Listed:
  • Stefan Bauernschuster
  • Anita Fichtl
  • Timo Hener
  • Helmut Rainer
  • Anita Dietrich

Abstract

Streiks in der Luftfahrt und bei der Deutschen Bahn haben in jüngster Vergangenheit zu großem Unmut in der Bevölkerung geführt. Denn Streiks in diesen Verkehrsunternehmen der Daseinsvorsorge betreffen nicht nur die bestreikten Unternehmen selbst, sondern große Teile der Gesellschaft. In einer aktuellen Forschungsstudie haben wir die negativen Auswirkungen von Streiks im öffentlichen Nahverkehr für die Bevölkerung untersucht. Dafür haben wir detaillierte Daten über 77 Streiks im Nahverkehr in den fünf größten deutschen Städten – Berlin, München, Hamburg, Köln, Frankfurt – in den Jahren 2002 bis 2011 gesammelt. Die Hauptergebnisse sind: Das Verkehrsaufkommen nimmt an Streiktagen im morgendlichen Verkehr um 6 % zu. Dadurch steigt das Stauvolumen an und die Pendler verbringen 11% mehr Zeit auf den Straßen auf ihrem Weg zur Arbeit. Hochgerechnet verlieren Auto-Pendler an einem Streikmorgen in jeder Stadt 26.289 Stunden. Verkehrsunfälle häufen sich durch das erhöhte Verkehrskommen während der morgendlichen Stoßzeiten um 20%. Umweltschäden zeigen sich unter anderem an erhöhter Feinstaubbelastung, welche morgens an Streiktagen um 26% höher liegt als an normalen Tagen. Diese erhöhte Schadstoffbelastung der Luft führt bereits kurzfristig zu Gesundheitsproblemen. Anhand von Krankenhausstatistiken sehen wir, dass an Streiktagen häufiger Atemwegsprobleme, vor allem bei kleinen Kindern, diagnostiziert werden. Insgesamt haben Streiks im öffentlichen Nahverkehr weitreichende Folgen für die Allgemeinheit, in Form von erhöhtem Verkehrsaufkommen, mehr Unfällen, höherer Umweltbelastung bis hin zu gesundheitlichen Problemen. Die Kosten von Streiks im öffentlichen Nahverkehr für die Allgemeinheit übersteigen die Kosten der bestreikten Unternehmen allein durch die Effekte, die wir in dieser Studie messen, um ein Vielfaches.

Suggested Citation

  • Stefan Bauernschuster & Anita Fichtl & Timo Hener & Helmut Rainer & Anita Dietrich, 2014. "Streiks im öffentlichen Nahverkehr: Negative Folgen für Verkehr, Umwelt und Gesundheit," ifo Schnelldienst, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, vol. 67(24), pages 31-36, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:ces:ifosdt:v:67:y:2014:i:24:p:31-36
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Stefan Bauernschuster & Timo Hener & Helmut Rainer, 2017. "When Labor Disputes Bring Cities to a Standstill: The Impact of Public Transit Strikes on Traffic, Accidents, Air Pollution, and Health," American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, American Economic Association, vol. 9(1), pages 1-37, February.
    2. Michael L. Anderson, 2014. "Subways, Strikes, and Slowdowns: The Impacts of Public Transit on Traffic Congestion," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 104(9), pages 2763-2796, September.
    3. van Exel, N. Job A. & Rietveld, Piet, 2001. "Public transport strikes and traveller behaviour," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 8(4), pages 237-246, October.
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    Cited by:

    1. Hagen Lesch, 2017. "Je kleiner, desto böser? Tarifkonflikte von Sparten- und Branchengewerkschaften im Vergleich," ifo Schnelldienst, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, vol. 70(02), pages 33-38, January.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Öffentlicher Nahverkehr; Arbeitskampf;

    JEL classification:

    • L91 - Industrial Organization - - Industry Studies: Transportation and Utilities - - - Transportation: General
    • J52 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Labor-Management Relations, Trade Unions, and Collective Bargaining - - - Dispute Resolution: Strikes, Arbitration, and Mediation

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