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Der Mindestlohn und die räumliche Lohnstruktur in Deutschland

Author

Listed:
  • Thiess Büttner
  • Alexander Ebertz
  • Jens Ruhose

Abstract

Bei vielen Politikern und in der Öffentlichkeit erfreut sich der Mindestlohn als ein einfaches Mittel für eine Änderung der Lohnverteilung großer Beliebtheit. Kritiker hingegen befürchten Verluste von Arbeitsplätzen. In der Debatte wird aber oft übersehen, dass sich der Mindestlohn sehr unterschiedlich auf verschiedene Arbeitnehmer auswirken würde. So kann der Mindestlohn, auch wenn er gesamtwirtschaftlich überhaupt keine negativen Beschäftigungseffekte hat, die Arbeitsbedingungen für benachteiligte Gruppen verschlechtern und möglicherweise sogar soziale Probleme verschärfen. Dies zeigt sich am Beispiel der räumlichen Unterschiede auf dem Arbeitsmarkt. In Städten und dicht besiedelten Regionen liegt das Lohnniveau deutlich höher als auf dem Land: So ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit, dass der Lohn einer ungelernten Arbeitskraft unter dem Mindestlohn liegt, auf dem Land nach den Schätzungen des ifo Instituts um rund 17 Prozentpunkte höher als in der Stadt. Eine flächendeckende gesetzliche Lohnuntergrenze würde daher in ländlichen Regionen sehr viel stärker greifen als im städtischen Umfeld. Es kommt aber in der Stadt zu indirekten Effekten des Mindestlohns. Diese Effekte sind für die Arbeiterschaft in den Städten ungünstig, da die Löhne tendenziell fallen, die Lebenshaltungskosten aber steigen. D.h., der Mindestlohn kann dazu führen, dass sich die Arbeits- und Lebensbedingungen gerade für die sozial Schwachen in den Städten verschlechtern. Anhand der räumlichen Dimension der Lohnstruktur zeigt sich hier, dass sich der Mindestlohn, selbst wenn er keine gesamtwirtschaftlichen Beschäftigungseffekte nach sich zieht, unter Umständen überhaupt nicht dazu eignet, die Lohnstruktur in die politisch gewünschte Richtung zu verändern, ja er kann sogar im Gegenteil die Lohnstruktur zu Ungunsten derer verändern, deren Entlohnung nun eigentlich verbessert werden sollte.

Suggested Citation

  • Thiess Büttner & Alexander Ebertz & Jens Ruhose, 2009. "Der Mindestlohn und die räumliche Lohnstruktur in Deutschland," ifo Schnelldienst, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, vol. 62(05), pages 20-26, March.
  • Handle: RePEc:ces:ifosdt:v:62:y:2009:i:05:p:20-26
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Mindestlohn; Regionale Lohnstruktur; Deutschland;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • J30 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - - - General
    • J31 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - - - Wage Level and Structure; Wage Differentials

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