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Wie demographiefest ist die betriebliche Altersvorsorge?

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  • Jochen Zimmermann

Abstract

Die Krise der Umlagefinanzierung der sozialen Sicherung, insbesondere der Alterssicherung, lässt die Forderung nach einem Wechsel auf kapitalgedeckte Systeme stärker werden. Diese werden in der Regel als weniger anfällig gegenüber demographischen Veränderungen angesehen. Allerdings sehen sich auch kapitalgedeckte Systeme, wie etwa die indirekt durch Pensionsrückstellungen oder direkt über Fondsvermögen finanzierte betriebliche Altersversorgung, Risiken ausgesetzt, die auf demographische Veränderungen zurückzuführen sind. Prof. Dr. Jochen Zimmermann, Universität Bremen, diskutiert in diesem Beitrag die hieraus resultierende Effekte für die zukünftige Unternehmensperformance unter den betriebswirtschaftlichen Kriterien Ertrag und Liquidität. Er sieht das Problem der betrieblichen Altersversorgung in einem fehlenden kollektiven Ausgleichsmechanismus. So gelänge es etwa Lebens- und (privaten) Rentenversicherern über Mindestgarantien und Überschussbeteiligungen das System flexibel zu gestalten. Dies sei aber im Rahmen der festen Leistungszusagen der betrieblichen Altersversorgung nicht möglich. Hier müssten Unternehmen auf das (Sachanlage-)Vermögen zurückgreifen und Anpassungen in ihrem realwirtschaftlichen Leistungsprogramm vornehmen und dadurch ihre Ertragskraft schwächen. Die derzeit vorherrschende Direktzusage erlaube es Unternehmen nicht, auf globalisierte Kapitalmärkte auszuweichen, bei denen Demographieeffekte nicht oder nur abgeschwächt eintreten. Deshalb dürfte für eine Vielzahl deutscher Unternehmen die betriebliche Altersvorsorge erhebliche demographische Probleme nach sich ziehen.

Suggested Citation

  • Jochen Zimmermann, 2004. "Wie demographiefest ist die betriebliche Altersvorsorge?," ifo Schnelldienst, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, vol. 57(18), pages 11-18, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:ces:ifosdt:v:57:y:2004:i:18:p:11-18
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Axel Börsch‐Supan & Florian Heiss & Alexander Ludwig & Joachim Winter, 2003. "Pension Reform, Capital Markets and the Rate of Return," German Economic Review, Verein für Socialpolitik, vol. 4(2), pages 151-181, May.
    2. Axel Börsch‐Supan & Alexander Ludwig & Joachim Winter, 2006. "Ageing, Pension Reform and Capital Flows: A Multi‐Country Simulation Model," Economica, London School of Economics and Political Science, vol. 73(292), pages 625-658, November.
    3. Axel Börsch‐Supan & Florian Heiss & Alexander Ludwig & Joachim Winter, 2003. "Pension Reform, Capital Markets and the Rate of Return," German Economic Review, Verein für Socialpolitik, vol. 4(2), pages 151-181, May.
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    Cited by:

    1. Ehrentraut, Oliver & Raffelhüschen, Bernd, 2008. "Demografischer Wandel und Betriebsrenten: Zur Berücksichtigung der Langlebigkeit bei der Anpassung von Direktzusagen," FZG Discussion Papers 25, University of Freiburg, Research Center for Generational Contracts (FZG).

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Umlageverfahren; Soziale Sicherung; Demographie; Betriebliche Altersversorgung;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • H55 - Public Economics - - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies - - - Social Security and Public Pensions
    • J10 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - General

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