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Mitarbeiterkapitalbeteiligung - ein internationaler Vergleich

Author

Listed:
  • Herbert Hofmann
  • Christian Holzner

Abstract

Seit Anfang der neunziger Jahre setzt sich die Europäische Kommission für die Förderung von finanziellen Mitarbeiterbeteiligungen in den Mitgliedsländern der Europäischen Union ein. Die Resonanz auf die ausgesprochenen Empfehlungen und die Intensität, mit der sie umgesetzt wurden, waren in den einzelnen Mitgliedsländern unterschiedlich. Diese verschiedenen Entwicklungen lassen sich durch institutionelle Unterschiede in den Mitgliedsländern sowie durch unterschiedliche politische Ansätze, die bei der Umsetzung der Empfehlungen der Kommission gewählt wurden, erklären. Die Unterstützung für finanzielle Mitarbeiterbeteiligungen wird durch die Annahme getragen, dass sie positiv auf Produktivität und Beschäftigung wirken. Bisher ist es jedoch noch nicht gelungen, dafür eindeutige empirische Belege zu finden. Trotzdem sollte die staatliche Förderung verstärkt werden. Denn finanzielle Beteiligungen der Arbeitnehmer können als ein Instrument zur Erhaltung von Arbeitsplätzen angesehen werden: Unter den Bedingungen der zunehmenden Globalisierung, mit einer erweiterten internationalen Mobilität von Gütern und Produktionsfaktoren geraten die Arbeitnehmerentgelte in Hochlohnländern - insbesondere von Beschäftigten mit eher geringer Qualifikation - unter Druck, wenn die Arbeitsplätze nicht gefährdet werden sollen. Insbesondere Kapitalbeteiligungen können die ausgelösten Verteilungseffekte abmildern. Die finanziellen Beteiligungsformen bergen jedoch Risiken für den Arbeitnehmer, wenn nennenswerte Einkommensbestandteile von dem durch den Einzelnen nur schwer zu beeinflussenden Gewinn abhängen oder die Mitarbeiter bei Insolvenz nicht nur ihren Arbeitsplatz, sondern auch ihr eingebrachtes Kapital verlieren. Aus der Sicht einer optimalen Risikostreuung ist vielleicht ein System der Vermögensbildung vorzuziehen, das die Kapitalbildung in Arbeitnehmerhand nicht auf den eigenen Betrieb beschränkt.

Suggested Citation

  • Herbert Hofmann & Christian Holzner, 2002. "Mitarbeiterkapitalbeteiligung - ein internationaler Vergleich," ifo Schnelldienst, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, vol. 55(12), pages 7-13, June.
  • Handle: RePEc:ces:ifosdt:v:55:y:2002:i:12:p:7-13
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Arbeitnehmerbeteiligung; Kapitalbeteiligung; Risiko; EU-Staaten;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G32 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Financing Policy; Financial Risk and Risk Management; Capital and Ownership Structure; Value of Firms; Goodwill
    • O52 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economywide Country Studies - - - Europe

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