De quelques instruments juridiques de la démondialisation

After a period of legal globalization that accompanied the process of economic globalization, law seems to be at a crossroads. Is it time for demondialization? We need to understand the concept of globalization, and therefore of demondialization. Without dwelling on this conceptual approach, the subject of the colloquium held in Florence in May 2023 at the initiative of AIDE raises the question of law in the face of the challenge of dependence and economic sovereignty. The aim of this contribution is to examine the use of legal instruments to sketch out responses. A priori, we might think of instruments that oblige companies to be vigilant about the activities of their partners, or to ban imports of products derived from deforestation. But these instruments do not imply any relocation of their activities. At first hand, there are classic legal instruments of a protectionist nature, even if international and community texts limit their scope and therefore act as a brake on the protection of economic activities on national territory, or even on their relocation. On the other hand, the imperative of ecological transition has recently entered the debate, providing an opportunity to review state aid in the face of the power of China and the United States. This is the case not only at European Union level, but also in the French law currently under discussion on green industry.