Partager les fruits de l’innovation avec les communautés autochtones ou locales : les 12 travaux d’Hercule ?

The Nagoya Protocol on access to genetic resources and the fair and equitable benefit- sharing arising from their utilization, to the Convention on biological diversity is entered into force since the last October 12th, 2014. It is now up to national legislations to implement it. Its article 5.5 establishes the principle of fair and equitable benefit-sharing with indigenous and local communities, due to the use of their traditional knowledge associated with genetic resources. The author, in this article, mobilizes a story from Roman mythology, that of Hercules, to emphasize the complexity of the implementation of such a provision for the jurist. This takes the form of epistemological questions and practical difficulties, and foreshadows a major innovative work to achieve the goal of environmental justice, and more broadly of sustainable development sought by this multilateral environmental agreement.