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Overgrazing strongly impedes the natural regeneration of the endemic Boswellia species on Socotra Island

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  • Salem Hamdiah

    (Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and Geobiocoenology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
    Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia)

  • Klemen Eler

    (Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia)

  • Kay Van Damme

    (Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and Geobiocoenology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic)

  • Fabio Attorre

    (Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza - University of Rome, Rome, Italy)

  • Dario La Montagna

    (Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza - University of Rome, Rome, Italy)

  • Michele De Sanctis

    (Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza - University of Rome, Rome, Italy)

  • Mohammed Shaneyehen

    (Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and Geobiocoenology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic)

  • Mohammed Amar

    (Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and Geobiocoenology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic)

  • Theodore Danso Marfo

    (Department of Environmental Management and Technology, Cape Coast Technical University, Cape Coast, Ghana)

  • Petr Maděra

    (Department of Forest Botany, Dendrology and Geobiocoenology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic)

Abstract

Frankincense trees (Boswellia spp.) worldwide are affected by a number of threats, including global warming and changing land management practices. On the Socotra Archipelago (Yemen), which harbours eleven endemic Boswellia species, grazing is generally assumed to be one of the main threats preventing natural regeneration. To test the impact of overgrazing on natural regeneration, we established an in situ experiment on four different Boswellia taxa in different areas of Socotra Island. Mortality and the height increment of seedlings were measured for a period of two/three years in five plots excluded from grazing (fenced) and in five paired control (unfenced) plots. Each plot was 50 m × 50 m in size and contained several adult trees as a source of viable seeds. Our results show that seedling mortality was significantly higher, and seedling height increment generally (4 out of 5 sites) lower in open compared to fenced plots. In the fenced plots, the number of seedlings for all species reached up to 772, with 560 surviving seedlings. In comparison, the control plots reached up to 296 seedlings, with 176 seedlings surviving after 2-3 years. The results of our experimental study indicate that grazing directly threatens the natural regeneration of the endemic Boswellia on Socotra Island. However, seedling mortality remained relatively high inside the exclosures as well, which indicates that even without the pressure of livestock grazing, other impacts remain a challenge for the future conservation of the archipelago's unique frankincense trees.

Suggested Citation

  • Salem Hamdiah & Klemen Eler & Kay Van Damme & Fabio Attorre & Dario La Montagna & Michele De Sanctis & Mohammed Shaneyehen & Mohammed Amar & Theodore Danso Marfo & Petr Maděra, 2024. "Overgrazing strongly impedes the natural regeneration of the endemic Boswellia species on Socotra Island," Journal of Forest Science, Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 70(5), pages 249-263.
    • Handle: RePEc:caa:jnljfs:v:70:y:2024:i:5:id:3-2024-jfs
    DOI: 10.17221/3/2024-JFS
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Anjanette DeCarlo & Saleem Ali & Marta Ceroni, 2020. "Ecological and Economic Sustainability of Non-Timber Forest Products in Post-Conflict Recovery: A Case Study of the Frankincense ( Boswellia spp.) Resin Harvesting in Somaliland (Somalia)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(9), pages 1-15, April.
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