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Military expenditure and security outcome convergence in African regional economic communities: evidence from the convergence club algorithm

Author

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  • Saba Charles Shaaba

    (School of Economics, College of Business and Economics, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park Kingsway Campus, PO Box 524, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, South Africa, Phone no. +27630222902, +2348039287863)

  • Ngepah Nicholas

    (School of Economics, College of Business and Economics, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, South Africa)

Abstract

This study investigates the degree of convergence in military expenditure and security outcome for the eight regional economic communities (RECs) of Africa spanning 1995–2015. We utilise the methodology of the Phillips and Sul convergence test to each of the region’s military expenditure and security outcome. The results of this study suggest that the convergence club of military expenditure and security outcome cannot be generalised across the RECs of African countries, and likewise for the overall convergence of the regions. The nonconvergence of the full sample and the presence of the different subgroup convergence clubs for both variables imply that RECs of African countries are characterised by individual factors which in turn determine an idiosyncratic course of their own path for defence and security policies. The empirics further confirm that the regions appear to have chosen dissimilar paths for their defence and security measures. Considering the cross-border and multiple security challenges facing the continent, this study recommend that African RECs harmonise their defence and security policies in order to achieve a convergence for a concerted security threats facing the regions.

Suggested Citation

  • Saba Charles Shaaba & Ngepah Nicholas, 2020. "Military expenditure and security outcome convergence in African regional economic communities: evidence from the convergence club algorithm," Peace Economics, Peace Science, and Public Policy, De Gruyter, vol. 26(1), pages 1-28, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:bpj:pepspp:v:26:y:2020:i:1:p:28:n:4
    DOI: 10.1515/peps-2019-0014
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Chimere O. Iheonu & Shedrach A. Agbutun & Chinedum J. Chiemela, 2021. "Human Rights in Sub Saharan Africa: Understanding the Influence of Militarization, Governance and Democracy," Research Africa Network Working Papers 21/041, Research Africa Network (RAN).
    2. Oleh M. Semenenko & Oleh V. Pavlovskyi & Alexey I. Solomitsky & Svitlana S. Zvarych & Lesia V. Skurinevska, 2020. "Modern aspects of sustainable development of military and economic security principles and practices," RIVISTA DI STUDI SULLA SOSTENIBILITA', FrancoAngeli Editore, vol. 0(2 suppl.), pages 113-128.
    3. Chimere O. Iheonu & Shedrach A. Agbutun & Chinedum J. Chiemela, 2021. "Human Rights in Sub Saharan Africa: Understanding the Influence of Militarization, Governance and Democracy," Working Papers 21/041, European Xtramile Centre of African Studies (EXCAS).
    4. Charles Shaaba Saba & Nicholas Ngepah, 2022. "Nexus between defence spending, economic growth and development: evidence from a disaggregated panel data analysis," Economic Change and Restructuring, Springer, vol. 55(1), pages 109-151, February.
    5. Chimere O. Iheonu & Shedrach A. Agbutun & Chinedum J. Chiemela, 2021. "Human Rights in Sub Saharan Africa: Understanding the Influence of Militarization, Governance and Democracy," Working Papers of the African Governance and Development Institute. 21/041, African Governance and Development Institute..
    6. Chimere Iheonu & Shedrach Agbutun & Chinedum Chiemela, 2021. "Human Rights in Sub Saharan Africa: Understanding the Influence Of Militarisation, Governance and Democracy," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, vol. 41(3), pages 1070-1081.
    7. Chimere O. Iheonu & Kingsley O. Odo & Davidmac O. Ekeocha, 2020. "Estimating the effect of Democracy, Governance and Militarisation on Peace in Africa," Working Papers of the African Governance and Development Institute. 20/046, African Governance and Development Institute..
    8. Chimere O. Iheonu & Kingsley O. Odo & Davidmac O. Ekeocha, 2020. "Estimating the effect of Democracy, Governance and Militarisation on Peace in Africa," Research Africa Network Working Papers 20/046, Research Africa Network (RAN).

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    African regional economic communities; convergence club; log t regression test; military expenditure; security outcome;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • H56 - Public Economics - - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies - - - National Security and War
    • O47 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity - - - Empirical Studies of Economic Growth; Aggregate Productivity; Cross-Country Output Convergence
    • O55 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economywide Country Studies - - - Africa

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