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The Volatility of Mortality

Author

Listed:
  • Bauer Daniel

    (Georgia State University)

  • Börger Matthias

    (Ulm University, Germany)

  • Ruß Jochen

    (Institute of Finance and Actuarial Science at Ulm, Germany)

  • Zwiesler Hans-Joachim

    (Ulm University, Germany)

Abstract

The use of forward models for the future development of mortality has been proposed by several authors. In this article, we specify adequate volatility structures for such models. We derive a Heath-Jarrow-Morton drift condition under different measures. Based on demographic and epidemiological insights, we then propose two different models with a Gaussian and a non-Gaussian volatility structure, respectively. We present a Maximum Likelihood approach for the calibration of the Gaussian model and develop a Monte Carlo Pseudo Maximum Likelihood approach that can be used in the non-Gaussian case. We calibrate our models to historic mortality data and analyze and value certain longevity-dependent payoffs within the models.

Suggested Citation

  • Bauer Daniel & Börger Matthias & Ruß Jochen & Zwiesler Hans-Joachim, 2008. "The Volatility of Mortality," Asia-Pacific Journal of Risk and Insurance, De Gruyter, vol. 3(1), pages 1-29, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:bpj:apjrin:v:3:y:2008:i:1:n:10
    DOI: 10.2202/2153-3792.1035
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Blake, D. & Cairns, A. J. G. & Dowd, K., 2006. "Living with Mortality: Longevity Bonds and Other Mortality-Linked Securities," British Actuarial Journal, Cambridge University Press, vol. 12(1), pages 153-197, March.
    2. Schrager, David F., 2006. "Affine stochastic mortality," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 38(1), pages 81-97, February.
    3. Dahl, Mikkel, 2004. "Stochastic mortality in life insurance: market reserves and mortality-linked insurance contracts," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 35(1), pages 113-136, August.
    4. Bauer, Daniel & Weber, Frederik, 2007. "Assessing Investment and Longevity Risks within Immediate Annuities," Discussion Papers in Business Administration 1982, University of Munich, Munich School of Management.
    5. Yijia Lin & Samuel H. Cox, 2005. "Securitization of Mortality Risks in Life Annuities," Journal of Risk & Insurance, The American Risk and Insurance Association, vol. 72(2), pages 227-252, June.
    6. Alex Cowley & J. David Cummins, 2005. "Securitization of Life Insurance Assets and Liabilities," Journal of Risk & Insurance, The American Risk and Insurance Association, vol. 72(2), pages 193-226, June.
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Gao, Quansheng & Hu, Chengjun, 2009. "Dynamic mortality factor model with conditional heteroskedasticity," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 45(3), pages 410-423, December.
    2. Marcus Christiansen & Andreas Niemeyer, 2015. "On the forward rate concept in multi-state life insurance," Finance and Stochastics, Springer, vol. 19(2), pages 295-327, April.
    3. Blake, David & Cairns, Andrew J.G., 2021. "Longevity risk and capital markets: The 2019-20 update," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 99(C), pages 395-439.
    4. Bauer, Daniel & Börger, Matthias & Ruß, Jochen, 2010. "On the pricing of longevity-linked securities," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 46(1), pages 139-149, February.
    5. Blake, David & El Karoui, Nicole & Loisel, Stéphane & MacMinn, Richard, 2018. "Longevity risk and capital markets: The 2015–16 update," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 157-173.
    6. Huang, Huaxiong & Milevsky, Moshe A. & Salisbury, Thomas S., 2012. "Optimal retirement consumption with a stochastic force of mortality," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 51(2), pages 282-291.
    7. Börger, Matthias & Russ, Jochen & Schupp, Johannes, 2021. "It takes two: Why mortality trend modeling is more than modeling one mortality trend," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 99(C), pages 222-232.
    8. Bandi, Federico M. & Russell, Jeffrey R. & Yang, Chen, 2008. "Realized volatility forecasting and option pricing," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 147(1), pages 34-46, November.
    9. Marcus C. Christiansen, 2013. "Gaussian and Affine Approximation of Stochastic Diffusion Models for Interest and Mortality Rates," Risks, MDPI, vol. 1(3), pages 1-20, October.
    10. Ivan Soraperra, 2009. "Revealed Preferences, Choices, and Psychological Indexes," Working Papers 643, Queen Mary University of London, School of Economics and Finance.
    11. David Blake & Andrew Cairns & Guy Coughlan & Kevin Dowd & Richard MacMinn, 2013. "The New Life Market," Journal of Risk & Insurance, The American Risk and Insurance Association, vol. 80(3), pages 501-558, September.
    12. Marcus Christiansen, 2012. "Multistate models in health insurance," AStA Advances in Statistical Analysis, Springer;German Statistical Society, vol. 96(2), pages 155-186, June.
    13. Coppola, Mariarosaria & D’Amato, Valeria & Levantesi, Susanna, 2018. "An option pricing approach for measuring Solvency Capital Requirements in Insurance Industry," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 509(C), pages 717-728.
    14. Blackburn, Craig & Sherris, Michael, 2013. "Consistent dynamic affine mortality models for longevity risk applications," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 53(1), pages 64-73.
    15. Plat, Richard, 2011. "One-year Value-at-Risk for longevity and mortality," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 49(3), pages 462-470.

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