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Tipo de cambio, exportaciones e importaciones: El caso de la economía boliviana

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  • Gabriel Loza Tellería

    (Banco Central de Bolivia)

Abstract

Recientemente, como resultado de las salidas de capitales de las economías emergentes, ha vuelto la preocupación por los elevados déficit comerciales y el retorno a políticas cambiarias más activas. En el caso de Bolivia, debido a los saldos comerciales deficitarios que le caracterizan, surge la preocupación por el papel de la política cambiaria para tratar dichos déficit y la interrogante es ¿cuán elásticas son las exportaciones y las importaciones a las variaciones en el tipo de cambio real? La evidencia empírica, para el caso boliviano, muestra que en el corto plazo las exportaciones y las importaciones son inelásticas al tipo de cambio, por lo que el papel de la política cambiaria sería marginal para corregir los déficit comerciales. Sin embargo, en el largo plazo, la condición Marshall-Lerner se cumple, por lo que la política cambiaria sería relevante para contribuir a corregir los desequilibrios comerciales. Un hallazgo importante es que no sólo las exportaciones de manufacturas son altamente elásticas al tipo de cambio sino también las exportaciones de productos agropecuarios. Las importaciones totales en el corto y largo plazo son inelásticas ante variaciones del tipo de cambio real, con excepción de las importaciones de bienes de consumo que tienen una elasticidad unitaria de largo plazo. El PIB es la variable que influye significativamente en la evolución de las importaciones y no así el tipo de cambio real. Por eso, en periodos de expansión aumentan las importaciones y decrecen en períodos de contracción.

Suggested Citation

  • Gabriel Loza Tellería, 2000. "Tipo de cambio, exportaciones e importaciones: El caso de la economía boliviana," Revista de Análisis del BCB, Banco Central de Bolivia, vol. 3(1), pages 7-40, June.
  • Handle: RePEc:blv:journl:v:3:y:2000:i:1:p:7-40
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    References listed on IDEAS

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