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Macro Determinants of FDI Inflows to Japan: An Analysis of Source Country Characteristics

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  • Satomi Kimino
  • David S. Saal
  • Nigel Driffield

Abstract

This paper examines the source country determinants of FDI into Japan. The paper highlights certain methodological and theoretical weaknesses in the previous literature and offers some explanations for hitherto ambiguous results. Specifically, the paper highlights the importance of panel data analysis, and the identification of fixed effects in the analysis rather than simply pooling the data. Indeed, we argue that many of the results reported elsewhere are a feature of this mis‐specification. To this end, pooled, fixed effects and random effects estimates are compared. The results suggest that FDI into Japan is inversely related to trade flows, such that trade and FDI are substitutes. Moreover, the results also suggest that FDI increases with home country political and economic stability. The paper also shows that previously reported results, regarding the importance of exchange rates, relative borrowing costs and labour costs in explaining FDI flows, are sensitive to the econometric specification and estimation approach. The paper also discusses the importance of these results within a policy context. In recent years Japan has sought to attract FDI, though many firms still complain of barriers to inward investment penetration in Japan. The results show that cultural and geographic distance are only of marginal importance in explaining FDI, and that the results are consistent with the market‐seeking explanation of FDI. As such, the attitude to risk in the source country is strongly related to the size of FDI flows to Japan.

Suggested Citation

  • Satomi Kimino & David S. Saal & Nigel Driffield, 2007. "Macro Determinants of FDI Inflows to Japan: An Analysis of Source Country Characteristics," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 30(3), pages 446-469, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:worlde:v:30:y:2007:i:3:p:446-469
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9701.2007.01001.x
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Magnus Blomstrom & Denise Konan & Robert E. Lipsey, 2000. "FDI in the Restructuring of the Japanese Economy," NBER Working Papers 7693, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    2. ., 2000. "Networks in International Business," Chapters, in: Economics of International Business, chapter 9, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    3. ., 2000. "Real Options in International Business," Chapters, in: Economics of International Business, chapter 7, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    4. Liu, Xiaming & Wang, Chengang & Wei, Yingqi, 2001. "Causal links between foreign direct investment and trade in China," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 12(2-3), pages 190-202.
    5. Narula, Rajneesh & Wakelin, Katharina, 1997. "The pattern and determinants of US foreign direct investment in industrialised countries," Research Memorandum 001, Maastricht University, Maastricht Economic Research Institute on Innovation and Technology (MERIT).
    6. ., 2000. "Conclusion: Methodological Issues in International Business," Chapters, in: Economics of International Business, chapter 10, Edward Elgar Publishing.
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