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The G20 at the Cancun Ministerial: Developing Countries and Their Evolving Coalitions in the WTO

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  • Amrita Narlikar
  • Diana Tussie

Abstract

In large measure, the voice that developing countries were able to exercise in Cancun was a result of their effective coalition formation. In this paper we present a brief overview of the various coalitions that played an important role at Cancun. The greater part of this paper focuses on one among these various coalitions: the G20 on agriculture. The G20 presents an especially fascinating case of a coalition that combined a great diversity of members and apparently incompatible interests. All theoretical reasoning and historical precedent predicted that the group would collapse in the endgame. And yet the group survived. We investigate the sources of the unity of this group and trace them to a process of learning that allowed the group to acquire certain structural features and develop strategies that helped to cement it further. While our central dependent variable is the cohesion of the G20, we also address the derivative question of the costs and benefits of maintaining such coalitions. The Cancun coalitions give us an excellent case of coalitions that managed to retain their cohesion, but also ended up with a situation of no agreement rather than a fulfilment of even some of their demands. We examine some of the causes behind the impasse in the negotiation process and suggest ways in which future outcomes could be improved.

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  • Amrita Narlikar & Diana Tussie, 2004. "The G20 at the Cancun Ministerial: Developing Countries and Their Evolving Coalitions in the WTO," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 27(7), pages 947-966, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:worlde:v:27:y:2004:i:7:p:947-966
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9701.2004.00636.x
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    1. Higgott, Richard A. & Cooper, Andrew Fenton, 1990. "Middle power leadership and coalition building: Australia, the Cairns Group, and the Uruguay Round of trade negotiations," International Organization, Cambridge University Press, vol. 44(4), pages 589-632, October.
    2. Checkel, Jeffrey T., 2001. "Why Comply? Social Learning and European Identity Change," International Organization, Cambridge University Press, vol. 55(3), pages 553-588, July.
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    Cited by:

    1. Bernard Hoekman & David Vines, 2007. "Multilateral trade cooperation: what next?," Oxford Review of Economic Policy, Oxford University Press and Oxford Review of Economic Policy Limited, vol. 23(3), pages 311-334, Autumn.
    2. Reisen, Helmut, 2010. "The multilateral donor non-system: towards accountability and efficient role assignment," Economics - The Open-Access, Open-Assessment E-Journal (2007-2020), Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel), vol. 4, pages 1-22.
    3. Lajtos, Ildikó, 2010. "Verhandlungsverhalten und Anspruchsanpassung im internationalen Verhandlungsprozess: Die WTO-Agrarverhandlungen zum Abbau exportwettbewerbsfördernder Maßnahmen," Studies on the Agricultural and Food Sector in Transition Economies, Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development in Transition Economies (IAMO), volume 55, number 94723, September.
    4. Gabriel Ondetti & Sybil Rhodes, 2010. "Courting the South: Lula’s trade diplomacy," CEMA Working Papers: Serie Documentos de Trabajo. 430, Universidad del CEMA.
    5. René Audet, 2013. "Climate justice and bargaining coalitions: a discourse analysis," International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics, Springer, vol. 13(3), pages 369-386, September.
    6. Silvia Nenci, 2008. "The Rise of the Southern Economies: Implications for the WTO-Multilateral Trading System," WIDER Working Paper Series RP2008-10, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
    7. repec:hal:spmain:info:hdl:2441/f5vtl5h9a73d5ls976m2jb618 is not listed on IDEAS
    8. Sanjay Srivastava, 2008. "Negotiation Analysis," International Studies, , vol. 45(1), pages 23-43, March.
    9. Schor Adriana, 2014. "South–South Cooperation and IBSA: More Trade in Politics," New Global Studies, De Gruyter, vol. 8(2), pages 183-201, July.
    10. Bernhard Zangl & Frederick Heußner & Andreas Kruck & Xenia Lanzendörfer, 2016. "Imperfect adaptation: how the WTO and the IMF adjust to shifting power distributions among their members," The Review of International Organizations, Springer, vol. 11(2), pages 171-196, June.
    11. Cornelia Woll, 2008. "Strategies of the Emerging Countries in the World Trade Organization," SciencePo Working papers Main hal-00972849, HAL.
    12. Karmakar Suparna, 2009. "Developing Countries in the 21st Century WTO: New Contours of India's Global Engagement," The Law and Development Review, De Gruyter, vol. 2(1), pages 1-27, January.
    13. Andrew Mold & Sebastian Paulo & Annalisa Prizon, 2009. "Taking Stock of the Credit Crunch: Implications for Development Finance and Global Governance," OECD Development Centre Working Papers 277, OECD Publishing.
    14. Kevin Gallagher, 2011. "Trading Away Stability and Growth: United States Trade Agreements in Latin America," Working Papers wp266, Political Economy Research Institute, University of Massachusetts at Amherst.
    15. repec:hal:wpspec:info:hdl:2441/f5vtl5h9a73d5ls976m2jb618 is not listed on IDEAS
    16. repec:spo:wpmain:info:hdl:2441/f5vtl5h9a73d5ls976m2jb618 is not listed on IDEAS
    17. Tana Johnson & Johannes Urpelainen, 2020. "The more things change, the more they stay the same: Developing countries’ unity at the nexus of trade and environmental policy," The Review of International Organizations, Springer, vol. 15(2), pages 445-473, April.
    18. Charalampos Efstathopoulos, 2016. "Reformist Multipolarity and Global Trade Governance in an Era of Systemic Power Redistribution," Global Journal of Emerging Market Economies, Emerging Markets Forum, vol. 8(1), pages 3-21, January.
    19. Stephen, Matthew D. & Parízek, Michal, 2019. "New Powers and the Distribution of Preferences in Global Trade Governance: From Deadlock and Drift to Fragmentation," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 24(6), pages 735-758.
    20. Cornelia Woll, 2008. "Strategies of the Emerging Countries in the World Trade Organization," Post-Print hal-00972849, HAL.
    21. repec:spo:wpecon:info:hdl:2441/f5vtl5h9a73d5ls976m2jb618 is not listed on IDEAS
    22. Shamel Azmeh, 2024. "Developing Countries and Joint Statement Initiatives at the WTO: Damned if You Join, Damned if You Don't?," Development and Change, International Institute of Social Studies, vol. 55(3), pages 375-397, May.

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