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American Indian Ethnic Identity: Tribal Nonresponse in the 1990 Census

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  • Carolyn A. Liebler

Abstract

Objectives. About 11 percent of American Indians did not report their tribal affiliation on the 1990 U.S. Census form. I use several theoretical perspectives as tools to explore the reasons behind this surprising omission. Method. Logistic regression analysis is the method employed. Results. American Indians living with someone who speaks an American Indian language are very likely to report a tribal affiliation, as are those living in “Indian states” (states with historically high numbers of American Indians). Those who are least likely to report a tribal affiliation are Hispanic women with low education who report no American Indian ancestry, do not live with other American Indians, and live in a metropolitan area of a “non‐Indian state.” Conclusions. Lack of knowledge of family history appears to be one of the primary causes of tribal nonresponse. Salience of tribal identity also affects responses.

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  • Carolyn A. Liebler, 2004. "American Indian Ethnic Identity: Tribal Nonresponse in the 1990 Census," Social Science Quarterly, Southwestern Social Science Association, vol. 85(2), pages 310-323, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:socsci:v:85:y:2004:i:2:p:310-323
    DOI: 10.1111/j.0038-4941.2004.08502006.x
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    Cited by:

    1. Carolyn Liebler & Timothy Ortyl, 2014. "More Than One Million New American Indians in 2000: Who Are They?," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 51(3), pages 1101-1130, June.
    2. Tahiru Azaaviele Liedong, 2022. "The Liability of Tribe in Corporate Political Activity: Ethical Implications for Political Contestability," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 181(3), pages 623-644, December.
    3. Carolyn A. Liebler, 2018. "Counting America’s First Peoples," The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, , vol. 677(1), pages 180-190, May.

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