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Heritage Versus Hate: Assessing Opinions in the Debate over Confederate Monuments and Memorials

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  • Christopher A. Cooper
  • Scott H. Huffmon
  • H. Gibbs Knotts
  • Seth C. McKee

Abstract

Objective This study evaluates factors that might explain southerners’ opinions toward Confederate monuments. Method We conduct a series of multivariate analyses of opinions toward Confederate monuments based on a poll of 789 respondents who live in the American South. Results The majority of southerners surveyed want to leave Confederate monuments where they are, place a marker next to them for historical context, or place them in a museum. Southerners who express high levels of racial resentment are more likely to want to leave monuments where they are, without additional context. Southern identity has no effect on opinions toward Confederate monuments. Conclusions Southerners are divided in their opinion on symbols of the Confederacy. Racial resentment explains much more of opinions on Confederate monuments than southern identity, suggesting that “hate” rather than “heritage” is the primary driver of opinions on these symbols of the South's Confederate legacy.

Suggested Citation

  • Christopher A. Cooper & Scott H. Huffmon & H. Gibbs Knotts & Seth C. McKee, 2021. "Heritage Versus Hate: Assessing Opinions in the Debate over Confederate Monuments and Memorials," Social Science Quarterly, Southwestern Social Science Association, vol. 102(3), pages 1098-1110, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:socsci:v:102:y:2021:i:3:p:1098-1110
    DOI: 10.1111/ssqu.12969
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jocelyn J. Evans & Keith Gåddie, 2021. "The Systemic Affect of Culture, Power, and Terror in the Southern Public Space," Social Science Quarterly, Southwestern Social Science Association, vol. 102(3), pages 1151-1166, May.
    2. Charles S. Bullock & M. V. Hood, 2005. "When Southern Symbolism Meets the Pork Barrel: Opportunity for Executive Leadership," Social Science Quarterly, Southwestern Social Science Association, vol. 86(1), pages 69-86, March.
    3. Michael Reksulak & Gökhan Karahan & William Shughart, 2007. "Flags of our fathers: Voting on Confederate symbols in the State of Georgia," Public Choice, Springer, vol. 131(1), pages 83-99, April.
    4. Nicholas A. Valentino & David O. Sears, 2005. "Old Times There Are Not Forgotten: Race and Partisan Realignment in the Contemporary South," American Journal of Political Science, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 49(3), pages 672-688, July.
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    1. James Michael Martinez & Mary Christine Cagle, 2022. "Reexamining Confederate symbols displayed on flags and monuments in public spaces: Two fallacies in the heritage versus hate debate," Social Science Quarterly, Southwestern Social Science Association, vol. 103(2), pages 346-364, March.

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