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The Cultural Sources of Deception in Soccer: How Collectivism Affects the Number of Penalties in European Soccer Leagues

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  • Ignacio Lago
  • Carlos Lago‐Peñas

Abstract

Objectives This article relies on data from 20,730 matches in 30 national soccer leagues in Europe to explore the determinants of penalties taken in elite soccer. Methods We run OLS cross‐sectional regressions using aggregated data. Results We find that the variation in the number of penalties given across European soccer leagues is largely explained by the individualism versus collectivism dimension. Conclusions The more (less) collectivistic (individualistic) the culture of the country, the more likely soccer players are to fall intentionally in the penalty area to increase the chances of a foul being called.

Suggested Citation

  • Ignacio Lago & Carlos Lago‐Peñas, 2021. "The Cultural Sources of Deception in Soccer: How Collectivism Affects the Number of Penalties in European Soccer Leagues," Social Science Quarterly, Southwestern Social Science Association, vol. 102(1), pages 362-373, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:socsci:v:102:y:2021:i:1:p:362-373
    DOI: 10.1111/ssqu.12890
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    References listed on IDEAS

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