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COVID‐19 and the urban housing affordability – evidence from select Indian cities

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  • Kandachar B. Nagarjun
  • Kala Seetharam Sridhar

Abstract

The COVID‐19 crisis, globally, has significantly impacted the residential real estate market. Health concerns and lockdowns have contributed to the downturn of the sector. High unsold inventory, financial crunch, and lack of stakeholders' perspective fueled the decline in housing affordability. However, with the steady bouncing back of the economy and recovery in the market between the intermittent spikes in the pandemic, there has been a path to recovery. Housing sales, which is one of the significant yardsticks to ensure a robust economic recuperation, had an upswing of nearly 60% annually across major Indian cities during January–June 2022, as reported by Knight Frank's India Real Estate Report. Housing in India had been unaffordable even in the pre‐pandemic period, but due to several government interventions during the pandemic, the housing sector was able to recover its lost ground. This paper aims at understanding the affordability of housing in seven major metropolitan cities across India. This is discerned through the analysis of the housing price data published by NHB‐RESIDEX and the price‐to‐gross domestic product (GDP) ratios for the cities. It also examines the work from home (WFH) phenomenon and looks at the incentives and programmes from the government during the pandemic on housing in large cities in India. La crisis de COVID‐19 ha afectado significativamente al mercado inmobiliario residencial a escala mundial. La preocupación por la salud y los confinamientos han contribuido al declive del sector. La amplia lista de propiedades sin vender, la crisis financiera y la falta de perspectiva de las partes interesadas aceleraron el descenso de la asequibilidad de la vivienda. Sin embargo, con el rebote constante de la economía y la recuperación del mercado entre los picos intermitentes de la pandemia, se abrió un camino hacia la recuperación. La venta de viviendas, que es uno de los indicadores más importantes para garantizar una recuperación económica sólida, experimentó un repunte de casi el 60% anual en las principales ciudades indias entre enero y junio de 2022, según el Informe Inmobiliario de la India de la inmobiliaria Knight Frank. La vivienda en la India ya era inasequible incluso en el periodo anterior a la pandemia, pero gracias a varias intervenciones gubernamentales durante la pandemia, el sector de la vivienda pudo recuperar el terreno perdido. El objetivo de este artículo es comprender la asequibilidad de la vivienda en siete grandes ciudades metropolitanas de la India. Para ello se emplea el análisis de los datos sobre el precio de la vivienda publicados por NHB‐RESIDEX y la relación entre el precio y el producto interno bruto (PIB) de las ciudades. También se examina el fenómeno del teletrabajo y se analizan los incentivos y programas del Gobierno durante la pandemia respecto a la vivienda en las grandes ciudades de la India. COVID‐19危機は世界的に住宅市場に大きな影響を与えた。健康上の懸念やロックダウンがこの部門の低迷の一因となっている。余剰在庫の多さ、金融危機、利害関係者の視点の欠如が、住宅の取得可能性の低下に拍車をかけた。しかし、COVID‐19のパンデミックにおける断続的に起こる感染者急増の期間と期間の間に景気が着実に持ち直し、市場も回復したことで、回復への道が開けた。堅調な景気回復を確実に示す重要な指標の一つである住宅売上は、ナイトフランク社の「インド不動産レポート」によると、2022年1~6月のインドの主要各都市において年換算で60%近く増加した。インドの住宅はパンデミック前から非常に高価であったが、パンデミック中に政府が数回の介入を実施したことにより、住宅部門は失われた売上を回復することができた。 本稿は、インド全土の7つの主要都市における住宅の取得可能性を明らかにすることが目的である。これは、NHB‐RESIDEXが公表している住宅価格データと、各都市の国内総生産に対する価格の比率の分析によって明らかにされる。また、在宅勤務の現況についても調査し、インドの大都市におけるパンデミック時の住宅に関する政府政策によるインセンティブとプログラムについても述べる。

Suggested Citation

  • Kandachar B. Nagarjun & Kala Seetharam Sridhar, 2023. "COVID‐19 and the urban housing affordability – evidence from select Indian cities," Regional Science Policy & Practice, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 15(8), pages 1864-1881, October.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:rgscpp:v:15:y:2023:i:8:p:1864-1881
    DOI: 10.1111/rsp3.12695
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    1. Jan K. Brueckner & Matthew E. Kahn & Gary C. Lin, 2023. "A New Spatial Hedonic Equilibrium in the Emerging Work-from-Home Economy?," American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, American Economic Association, vol. 15(2), pages 285-319, April.
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