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Resource curse and growth challenges in MENA oil exporter countries: A case for governance reforms in the post Arab Spring uprisings context

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  • Gisele Msann
  • Viswanathan Pozhamkandath Karthiayani

Abstract

In the theoretical backdrop of the resource curse problems confronting the resource‐rich countries, this paper, primarily examines the impact of oil rents on economic growth and the related resource curse symptoms in Middle East and North Africa (MENA) oil exporter countries. The existence of and too much dependence on natural resources prevents many oil, gas, and mineral‐rich nations from reaping their full growth potential. They are generally less stable economically, more autocratic, and more vulnerable to conflicts than countries without these resources. The paper then critically discusses the role of governance in averting the resource curse problems by adopting oil rents throughout the pre and post Arab Spring revolution during 1996–2019 as an economic tool for diversification. We apply the fixed‐effects model and the pooled ordinary least squares (OLS) estimations, in addition to the generalized estimating equations (GEE). It is found that oil rents have a positive impact on the growth of MENA countries, posing serious resource curse challenges in the emerging context. While diversification through governance plays an important role, oil rents hamper economic diversification leading to rent‐seeking activities. The results of the paper provide important policy implications for oil exporting counties in the MENA region. Con el telón de fondo teórico de los problemas de la maldición de los recursos a los que se enfrentan los países ricos en recursos, este artículo examina principalmente el impacto de las rentas del petróleo en el crecimiento económico y los síntomas relacionados con la maldición de los recursos en los países exportadores de petróleo de Oriente Medio y Norte de África (OMNA). La existencia y excesiva dependencia de los recursos naturales impide a muchos países ricos en petróleo, gas y minerales aprovechar todo su potencial de crecimiento. En general, son menos estables económicamente, más autocráticos y más vulnerables a los conflictos que los países que carecen de estos recursos. A continuación, el artículo analiza críticamente el papel de la gobernanza para evitar los problemas de la maldición de los recursos mediante el uso de los ingresos del petróleo a lo largo del periodo anterior y posterior a la revolución de la Primavera Árabe durante 1996–2019 como una herramienta económica para la diversificación. Se aplicó el modelo de efectos fijos y estimaciones por mínimos cuadrados ordinarios (MCO) agrupados, además de las ecuaciones de estimación generalizada (EEG). Se constata que las rentas del petróleo tienen un impacto positivo en el crecimiento de los países de OMNA, lo que plantea serios problemas de maldición de los recursos en el contexto emergente. Si bien la diversificación a través de la gobernanza desempeña un papel importante, las rentas del petróleo obstaculizan la diversificación económica, dando lugar a actividades de captación de rentas. Los resultados del estudio tienen importantes implicaciones políticas para los países exportadores de petróleo de la región de OMNA. 本稿では、資源国が直面している「資源の呪い」の問題を理論的背景として、主に中東・北アフリカ(Middle East and North Africa:MENA)の石油輸出国における、Oil rentsが経済成長に及ぼす影響と、それに関連する資源の呪いの兆候について考察する。石油、ガス、鉱物資源が豊富な国の多くが、天然資源の存在とそれに対する過度の依存により、その潜在的な成長力を十分に発揮できずにいる。資源国は、天然資源のない国と比べて、経済的に不安定で、独裁的に統治され、紛争に対して脆弱である傾向がある。そこで、多角化のための経済的手段として1996~2019年のアラブの春の革命の前後の時期を通じてOil rentsを採用することにより資源の呪いの問題を回避する政府の役割を批判的に論じる。一般化推定方程式の他に、固定効果モデルとプールされた最小二乗法 推定を適用する。Oil rentsは、MENA諸国の成長にプラスの影響を与えながらも、新たな状況において資源の呪いの深刻な課題を生み出していることが明らかになった。政府による多角化が大きな役割を果たす一方で、Oil rentsは経済の多様化を妨げ、結果的にrentによる利益を求める活動を生じさせる。本稿の結果は、MENA地域の石油輸出国に重要な政策的インプリケーションを提供するものである。

Suggested Citation

  • Gisele Msann & Viswanathan Pozhamkandath Karthiayani, 2023. "Resource curse and growth challenges in MENA oil exporter countries: A case for governance reforms in the post Arab Spring uprisings context," Regional Science Policy & Practice, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 15(5), pages 992-1007, June.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:rgscpp:v:15:y:2023:i:5:p:992-1007
    DOI: 10.1111/rsp3.12629
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