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Unveiling and typifying rural resources underpinned by innovation dynamics in rural areas

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  • Teresa Maria Gamito
  • Lívia Madureira
  • José Manuel Lima Santos

Abstract

Rural areas tend to not be perceived as particularly innovative areas, in spite of a growing diversity of rural economies related to new activities and new types of innovation which rely largely on a (re)discovery and reconfiguration of rural resources. The aims of this paper are two fold. First it introduces a comprehensive typology of traditional and “new” rural resources, showing relevance for the development of innovation in rural areas, built on a systematic literature review; then it uses this typology to underpin an analysis of empirical data on innovations introduced by organizations located in the Portuguese rural areas. This analysis allows identification of the categories of resources that do contribute the most to rural innovations and to group rural innovative organizations according to the patterns of rural (and non‐rural) resources they use to innovate. The identified innovation clusters highlight the importance of the “new” rural resources, such as “natural and cultural amenities” and “traditions,” as well as the “rural populations” themselves and their “territories and settlements,” both at organizational and territorial levels. The paper contributes for a better understanding of what are the key rural resources to shape the rural areas innovation dynamics and to identify the innovation patterns built on different rural resources. Its findings show very helpful to the design of innovation policies and the territorial smart specialization agendas meant to address the rural areas, that have been so far neglected in this matter. Las zonas rurales tienden a no ser percibidas como zonas particularmente innovadoras, a pesar de la creciente diversidad de economías rurales relacionadas con nuevas actividades y nuevos tipos de innovación que dependen en gran medida del (re)descubrimiento y la reconfiguración de los recursos rurales. El objetivo de este artículo es doble. En primer lugar, introduce una tipología completa de los recursos rurales tradicionales y "nuevos", que muestra su pertinencia para el desarrollo de la innovación en las zonas rurales, sobre la base de una revisión sistemática de la bibliografía; a continuación, utiliza esta tipología para sustentar un análisis de los datos empíricos sobre las innovaciones introducidas por las organizaciones situadas en las áreas rurales portuguesas. Este análisis permite identificar las categorías de recursos que más contribuyen a la innovación rural y agrupar a las organizaciones innovadoras rurales según los patrones recursos rurales (y no rurales) que utilizan para innovar. Los conglomerados de innovación identificados destacan la importancia de los "nuevos" recursos rurales, como los "servicios naturales y culturales" y las "tradiciones", así como las propias "poblaciones rurales" y sus "territorios y asentamientos", tanto a nivel organizativo como territorial. El artículo contribuye a una mejor comprensión de cuáles son los recursos rurales clave para dar forma a la dinámica de innovación de las zonas rurales y para identificar los patrones de innovación desarrollados a partir de diferentes recursos rurales. Sus hallazgos se muestran muy útiles para el diseño de políticas de innovación y las agendas territoriales de especialización inteligente dirigidas a las áreas rurales, que hasta ahora han sido descuidadas en este sentido. 農村部のリソースの(再)発見と再構成に大きく依存する、新しいイノベーション活動および新しいタイプのイノベーションに関連した農村地域の経済の多様化が進展しているにもかかわらず、農村地域は特に、イノベーティブな地域とは捉えられない傾向にある。本稿の目的は2つある。はじめに、文献のシステマティックレビューを基に、農村部の従来のリソースと「新しい」リソースについて類異型的に説明する。次に、この類型的説明を用いて、ポルトガルの農村地域における企業が実施したイノベーションに関する実証データの分析の裏付けを行う。この分析により、農村部のイノベーションに最も寄与するリソースを分類し、企業がイノベーションに用いる農村部のリソース (および農村部以外のリソース)のパターンによって、農村地域のイノベーティブ企業を分類することができる。分類されたイノベーションのクラスターから、企業レベルと地域レベルの両方で、「自然アメニティと文化的アメニティ」や「伝統」、さらには「農村部の住民」自体や、彼らの「生活領域および居住地」などの「新しい」農村部のリソースの重要性が、非常に明確に示される。本稿は、農村部のイノベーションのダイナミクスを形作る主要なリソースは何かをさらに解明することと、リソースの種類によるイノベーションのパターンの違いを識別することに寄与するものである。本稿の知見は、これまでイノベーションに関して無視され続けてきた農村地域におけるイノベーション政策と地域のスマート・スペシャリゼーションのアジェンダの作成に大きく役立つものである。

Suggested Citation

  • Teresa Maria Gamito & Lívia Madureira & José Manuel Lima Santos, 2021. "Unveiling and typifying rural resources underpinned by innovation dynamics in rural areas," Regional Science Policy & Practice, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 13(3), pages 457-477, June.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:rgscpp:v:13:y:2021:i:3:p:457-477
    DOI: 10.1111/rsp3.12228
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Niina Rantamäki & Mari Kattilakoski, 2019. "On the trail of local welfare innovations in rural Finland," Regional Science Policy & Practice, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 11(2), pages 329-343, June.
    2. Teresa Maria Gamito & Lívia Madureira, 2019. "Shedding light on rural innovation: Introducing and applying a comprehensive indicator system," Regional Science Policy & Practice, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 11(2), pages 251-277, June.
    3. Andrea Caragliu & Camilla Lenzi & Camilla Lenzi, 2013. "Smart upgrading innovation strategies in a traditional industry: Evidence from the wine production in the province of Arezzo," Regional Science Policy & Practice, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 5(4), pages 435-452, November.
    4. Lívia Madureira & André Torre, 2019. "Innovation processes in rural areas," Regional Science Policy & Practice, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 11(2), pages 213-218, June.
    5. Läpple, Doris & Renwick, Alan & Thorne, Fiona, 2015. "Measuring and understanding the drivers of agricultural innovation: Evidence from Ireland," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 1-8.
    6. Sergiy Smetana & Christine Tamásy & Alexander Mathys & Volker Heinz, 2015. "Sustainability and regions: sustainability assessment in regional perspective," Regional Science Policy & Practice, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 7(4), pages 163-186, November.
    7. Jeffrey F. Shields, 2005. "Does Rural Location Matter? The Significance Of A Rural Setting For Small Businesses," Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship (JDE), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 10(01), pages 49-63.
    8. Roberta Capello & Camilla Lenzi, 2013. "Territorial Patterns of Innovation and Economic Growth in European Regions," Growth and Change, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 44(2), pages 195-227, June.
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    1. Vinko Muštra & Andrés Rodríguez‐Pose, 2021. "Challenges and policies for middle‐income trapped regions and cities," Regional Science Policy & Practice, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 13(3), pages 438-440, June.

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