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COVID‐19 and unequal social distancing across demographic groups

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  • Hakan Yilmazkuday

Abstract

This paper analyses whether social distancing experienced by alternative demographic groups within the US has been different amid COVID‐19. The formal investigation is achieved by using daily state‐level mobility data from the US covering information on the demographic categories of income, education and race/ethnicity. The results show that social distancing has been experienced more by higher‐income, higher‐educated or Asian people after the declaration of National Emergency on 13 March 2020. Since alternative demographic groups were subject to alternative employment opportunities during this period (e.g., due to being able to work from home), it is implied that COVID‐19 has redistributive effects that require demographic‐group specific policies. En este artículo se analiza si el distanciamiento social experimentado por los grupos demográficos alternativos dentro de los EE.UU. ha sido diferente durante la pandemia de COVID‐19. La investigación formal se hizo utilizando datos diarios de movilidad a nivel estatal en los Estados Unidos que incluyen información sobre las categorías demográficas de ingresos, educación y raza/etnia. Los resultados muestran que quienes han experimentado más el distanciamiento social han sido quienes tienen mayores ingresos, mayor educación o personas asiáticas, después de la declaración de emergencia nacional del 13 de marzo de 2020. Dado que los grupos demográficos alternativos tuvieron oportunidades alternativas de empleo durante este período (p. ej. la posibilidad de trabajar desde el hogar), se asume que COVID‐19 tiene efectos redistributivos que requieren políticas específicas para grupos demográficos. 本稿では、米国内の非主流の人口集団が経験するソーシャル・ディスタンディングは、COVID‐19の下では異なっているかどうかを分析する。所得、教育および人種/民族の人口統計学的カテゴリーに関する情報を含む米国の毎日の州レベルの移動データを用いて、正式な調査を実施する。結果から、国家非常事態宣言が発令された2020年3月13日以降、高所得者、高学歴者、アジア系の間で、社会的距離をとることがより多く経験されていることが示された。この期間、非主流の人口集団が他の雇用機会を受けていた (例えば、在宅勤務で仕事ができるために)ことから、COVID‐19は人口集団固有の政策を必要とする再分配効果を持つといえる。

Suggested Citation

  • Hakan Yilmazkuday, 2020. "COVID‐19 and unequal social distancing across demographic groups," Regional Science Policy & Practice, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 12(6), pages 1235-1248, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:rgscpp:v:12:y:2020:i:6:p:1235-1248
    DOI: 10.1111/rsp3.12329
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    Cited by:

    1. Victor Couture & Jonathan Dingel & Allison Green & Jessie Handbury & Kevin Williams, 2020. "Measuring Movement and Social Contact with Smartphone Data: A Real-Time Application to COVID-19," Opportunity and Inclusive Growth Institute Working Papers 35, Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis.
    2. Bisin, Alberto & Moro, Andrea, 2022. "JUE insight: Learning epidemiology by doing: The empirical implications of a Spatial-SIR model with behavioral responses," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 127(C).
    3. Lili Li & Araz Taeihagh & Si Ying Tan, 2023. "A scoping review of the impacts of COVID-19 physical distancing measures on vulnerable population groups," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-19, December.
    4. Hakan Yilmazkuday, 2021. "Changes in Consumption in the Early COVID-19 Era: Zip-Code Level Evidence from the U.S," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-10, October.
    5. Couture, Victor & Dingel, Jonathan I. & Green, Allison & Handbury, Jessie & Williams, Kevin R., 2022. "JUE Insight: Measuring movement and social contact with smartphone data: a real-time application to COVID-19," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 127(C).
    6. Carbó-Valverde, Santiago & Cuadros-Solas, Pedro J. & Rodríguez-Fernández, Francisco & Sánchez-Béjar, José Juan, 2023. "Mobility restrictions and payment choices: The case of the Covid-19 pandemic," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, Elsevier, vol. 40(C).

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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • I10 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - General
    • I18 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Government Policy; Regulation; Public Health
    • I20 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - General
    • J15 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Minorities, Races, Indigenous Peoples, and Immigrants; Non-labor Discrimination
    • O15 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Economic Development: Human Resources; Human Development; Income Distribution; Migration

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