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Citizen policy entrepreneurship in UK local government climate emergency declarations

Author

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  • Calum Harvey‐Scholes
  • Catherine Mitchell
  • Jess Britton
  • Richard Lowes

Abstract

Policy entrepreneurship theory seeks to explain how actors, institutions, actions and interactions influence policy makers and policy outcomes; however, the role of citizens in this process remains largely unarticulated. Adopting a conception of policy entrepreneurship as a (distributed) pattern of agency rather than the actions of an individual, we analyse the development of local government climate emergency declarations (CEDs) (many of which visibly involved citizen advocacy). This analysis expands on the role of citizens in policy change and provides evidence of how citizen entrepreneurs interact collaboratively with more traditional forms of policy elites, in this case local elected representatives. Since 2018 hundreds of local governments in the United Kingdom (UK) have issued CEDs in a surge of expressions of local climate ambition. Whilst CEDs have attracted attention from scholars, the underlying dynamics and politics which drove the adoption of these policies, including the role played by citizens, remain unexplored in the literature. Interviews with councillors, council officers, and citizens reveal that citizens carry out a range of activities related to policy entrepreneurship, including problem framing, identifying solutions, networking and building coalitions, and seeking attention and opportunities. We find that they carry out these activities collectively with other citizens and collaboratively with elected representatives; whilst precise coalition‐internal dynamics vary, citizens frequently exploit opportunities to demonstrate the strength and breadth of public support for their cause. La teoría del emprendimiento político busca explicar cómo los actores, las instituciones, las acciones y las interacciones influyen en los responsables de la formulación de políticas y en los resultados de las políticas; sin embargo, el papel de los ciudadanos en este proceso permanece en gran medida desarticulado. Adoptando una concepción del emprendimiento político como un patrón (distribuido) de agencia en lugar de las acciones de un individuo, analizamos el desarrollo de las Declaraciones de Emergencia Climática (CED) de los gobiernos locales (muchas de las cuales involucraron visiblemente la defensa ciudadana). Este análisis amplía el papel de los ciudadanos en el cambio de políticas y proporciona evidencia de cómo los ciudadanos emprendedores interactúan en colaboración con formas más tradicionales de élites políticas, en este caso representantes electos locales. Desde 2018, cientos de gobiernos locales en el Reino Unido (UK) han emitido CED en una oleada de expresiones de ambición climática local. Si bien los CED han atraído la atención de los académicos, la dinámica y las políticas subyacentes que impulsaron la adopción de estas políticas, incluido el papel que desempeñan los ciudadanos, siguen sin explorarse en la literatura. Las entrevistas con concejales, funcionarios del concejo y ciudadanos revelan que los ciudadanos llevan a cabo una variedad de actividades relacionadas con el espíritu empresarial de políticas, incluida la formulación de problemas, la identificación de soluciones, la creación de redes y coaliciones, y la búsqueda de atención y oportunidades. Encontramos que llevan a cabo estas actividades colectivamente con otros ciudadanos y en colaboración con los representantes electos; Si bien las dinámicas internas precisas de la coalición varían, los ciudadanos con frecuencia aprovechan las oportunidades para demostrar la fuerza y amplitud del apoyo público a su causa. 政策创业理论试图解释行动者、制度、行动和互动如何影响决策者和政策结果。不过,在很大程度上有待阐明的是,公民在这一过程中的作用。通过采用“政策创业作为代理(分配)模式而不是个人行为”这一概念,我们分析了地方政府气候紧急声明(CEDs)的发展,这些声明中很多都明显涉及公民倡导。分析扩展了公民在政策变革中的作用,并证明了公民企业家如何与更传统形式的政策精英(地方民选代表)进行协作互动。 自2018年以来,英国(UK)数百个地方政府发布了气候紧急声明(CEDs),大量表达了地方气候雄心。尽管气候紧急声明引起了学者关注,但推动采纳这些政策的潜在动态和政治(包括公民发挥的作用)却仍然未被探究。对议员、议会官员和公民进行的访谈表明,公民开展了一系列与政策创业相关的活动,包括定义问题、识别解决方案、建立关系网和联盟,以及寻求关注和机会。我们发现,他们与其他公民以集体的方式开展这些活动,并从中与民选代表进行协作;虽然精确的联盟内部动态存在差异,但公民经常利用机会展示其事业所获公共支持的力度和广度。

Suggested Citation

  • Calum Harvey‐Scholes & Catherine Mitchell & Jess Britton & Richard Lowes, 2023. "Citizen policy entrepreneurship in UK local government climate emergency declarations," Review of Policy Research, Policy Studies Organization, vol. 40(6), pages 950-971, November.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:revpol:v:40:y:2023:i:6:p:950-971
    DOI: 10.1111/ropr.12522
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Candice Howarth & Matthew Lane & Sam Fankhauser, 2021. "What next for local government climate emergency declarations? The gap between rhetoric and action," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 167(3), pages 1-22, August.
    2. James Patterson & Carina Wyborn & Linda Westman & Marie Claire Brisbois & Manjana Milkoreit & Dhanasree Jayaram, 2021. "The political effects of emergency frames in sustainability," Nature Sustainability, Nature, vol. 4(10), pages 841-850, October.
    3. Xira Ruiz-Campillo & Vanesa Castán Broto & Linda Westman, 2021. "Motivations and Intended Outcomes in Local Governments' Declarations of Climate Emergency," Politics and Governance, Cogitatio Press, vol. 9(2), pages 17-28.
    4. Deserai Anderson Crow, 2010. "Policy Entrepreneurs, Issue Experts, and Water Rights Policy Change in Colorado," Review of Policy Research, Policy Studies Organization, vol. 27(3), pages 299-315, May.
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    Cited by:

    1. Melanie Nagel & Marlene Kammerer, 2023. "Tackling climate change on the local level: A growing research agenda," Review of Policy Research, Policy Studies Organization, vol. 40(6), pages 846-852, November.

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