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Wildfire Management in the United States: The Evolution of a Policy Failure

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  • George Busenberg

Abstract

Wildland fires constitute a major crisis in American environmental policy, a crisis created by a longstanding policy failure. This article explores the political processes that generated and reinforced this policy failure over time. The concepts of bounded rationality, punctuated equilibria, and self‐ reinforcing mechanisms are applied to study the evolution of American wildfire policy between 1905 and the present. This study finds that a self‐defeating wildfire suppression policy was established in the period 1905 through 1911, and subsequently reinforced for more than five decades. This policy did not include a complementary program to counteract the gradual accumulation of flammable organic materials (fuels) that occurred in many ecosystems when fires were suppressed. The resulting fuel accumulations have greatly increased the risk of damaging, high‐intensity wildfires in a range of American wildlands. A combination of fire suppression and fuel reduction programs will be needed to manage this risk in the future.

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  • George Busenberg, 2004. "Wildfire Management in the United States: The Evolution of a Policy Failure," Review of Policy Research, Policy Studies Organization, vol. 21(2), pages 145-156, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:revpol:v:21:y:2004:i:2:p:145-156
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1541-1338.2004.00066.x
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    Cited by:

    1. Canadas, Maria João & Leal, Miguel & Soares, Filipa & Novais, Ana & Ribeiro, Paulo Flores & Schmidt, Luísa & Delicado, Ana & Moreira, Francisco & Bergonse, Rafaello & Oliveira, Sandra & Madeira, Paulo, 2023. "Wildfire mitigation and adaptation: Two locally independent actions supported by different policy domains," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 124(C).
    2. Canadas, Maria João & Leal, Miguel & Novais, Ana & Ribeiro, Paulo Flores & Santos, José Lima, 2024. "The current policy focus shift from a sectoral to a territorial governance of wildfire reduction is aligned with forest owners’ preferences," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 146(C).
    3. Arts, Bas & Behagel, Jelle & Turnhout, Esther & de Koning, Jessica & van Bommel, Séverine, 2014. "A practice based approach to forest governance," Forest Policy and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 4-11.
    4. Young, Jesse D. & Ager, Alan A., 2024. "Resource objective wildfire leveraged to restore old growth forest structure while stabilizing carbon stocks in the southwestern United States," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 488(C).
    5. Antony S. Cheng & Lisa Dale, 2020. "Achieving Adaptive Governance of Forest Wildfire Risk Using Competitive Grants: Insights From the Colorado Wildfire Risk Reduction Grant Program," Review of Policy Research, Policy Studies Organization, vol. 37(5), pages 657-686, September.

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